A genome-wide scalable SNP genotyping assay using microarray technology

Oligonucleotide probe arrays have enabled massively parallel analysis of gene expression levels from a single cDNA sample. Application of microarray technology to analyzing genomic DNA has been stymied by the sequence complexity of the entire human genome. A robust, single base-resolution direct genomic assay would extend the reach of microarray technology. We developed an array-based whole-genome genotyping assay that does not require PCR and enables effectively unlimited multiplexing. The assay achieves a high signal-to-noise ratio by combining specific hybridization of picomolar concentrations of whole genome-amplified DNA to arrayed probes with allele-specific primer extension and signal amplification. As proof of principle, we genotyped several hundred previously characterized SNPs. The conversion rate, call rate and accuracy were comparable to those of high-performance PCR-based genotyping assays.     

A novel approach to characterizing hesitations in intuitionistic fuzzy numbers

Building upon the concept of D_a operator introduced by Atanassov(1989),this article proposes an improved objective approach and a hybrid approach to operationalize D_a so that the hesitation in an intuitionistic fuzzy number(IFN) can be further refined and characterized.Numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the features and novelty of the proposed approach compared to existing methods in the literature.The aim is to furnish an effective way to refine hesitations in intuitionistic fuzzy assessments for more reliable and confident decision aids.     

Is there an anatomical endophenotype for neurodevelopmental disorders？ A review of dual disorder anatomical likelihood estimation （ALE） meta-analyses of grey matter volumes

The term "neurodevelopmental disorder" broadly encompasses conditions thought to arise early in development and includes schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism among others. These conditions share a number of genetic and environmental risk factors postulated to lead to common difficulties in socio-emotional processing, communication and cognitive function. The alternative position is that, while the same traits are affected across these conditions, the nature or direction in which they are modified may be distinct. MRI studies provide a rapidly expanding and rich database which we propose can be used to contribute to this debate. Anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) is a method of meta-analysis applied to voxel-based MRI studies. We have adapted this method to explore the extent to which schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and autism share a common brain structural phenotype. We will review this work here and discuss whether there is sufficient other evidence to justify a common framework for further research into the inter-relatedness of such conditions.     

The value-ladenness of transparency in science: Lessons from Lyme disease

Both philosophers and scientists have recently promoted transparency as an important element of responsible scientific practice. Philosophers have placed particular emphasis on the ways that transparency can assist with efforts to manage value judgments in science responsibly. This paper examines a potential challenge to this approach, namely, that efforts to promote transparency can themselves be value-laden. This is particularly problematic when transparency incorporates second-order value judgments that are underwritten by the same values at stake in the desire for transparency about the first-order value judgments involved in scientific research. The paper uses a case study involving research on Lyme disease to illustrate this worry, but it responds by elucidating a range of scenarios in which transparency can still play an effective role in managing value judgments responsibly.     

Coyote ( Canis latrans ) movements relative to cattle ( Bos taurus ) carcass areas

Use of 2 cattle carcass areas was determined for radio-collared coyotes ( Canis latrans ) in northwest Texas from January 1999 to January 2000. When 0-3 dead cattle were located at the carcass areas, resident and transient coyotes visited the carcass areas 4% and 8% of the time, respectively. However, when 30-35 dead cattle were located at 1 carcass area due to a disease epizootic, resident and transient coyotes had increased visitation rates of 19% and 63%, respectively. Resident coyotes traveled as far as 12.2 km from the center of their home ranges, suggesting that carcass areas influenced residents over a 468-km 2 area. Transient coyotes traveled from as far as 20.5 km away, suggesting that carcass areas influenced transients over a 1320-km 2 area. Our results indicate that carcass areas can influence coyotes over large areas and may concentrate both resident and transient coyotes in relatively small areas, at least for short periods.     

Habitat of three rare species of small mammals in juniper woodlands of southwestern Wyoming

Southwestern Wyoming constitutes the northern limit of the ranges of the cliff chipmunk ( Tamias dorsalis ), pinyon mouse ( Peromyscus truei ), and canyon mouse ( P. crinitus ). In addition to trying to determine their presence in the region, we wanted to identify habitat characteristics commonly used by each of these species. We used Sherman live-traps to sample 14 sites representing 2 distinct habitat types in 1998 and 1999: juniper-rocky slopes and juniper cliffs. Seventeen habitat characteristics were measured at capture locations for each species and compared with randomly located points. Best subsets multiple logistic regression was used to construct models that distinguish between used and available habitat for each species. The cliff chipmunk occurred in both rocky slopes and cliffs. The pinyon mouse was also captured in rocky slopes and cliffs and was most often captured in locations in the interior of the juniper woodland with high tree canopy cover, high forb cover, and low density of rock outcrops. The canyon mouse was captured only in cliffs at sites consisting of high forb cover, high rock cover, and high tree density.     

聚苯乙烯负载的奎宁环催化剂的合成及其在Morita-Baylis-Hillman反应中的应用

通过3-(4-乙烯基苄氧基)-1-氮杂-双环[2,2,2]辛烷和苯乙烯共聚合制备聚(苯乙烯-共-3-(4-乙烯基苄氧基)-1-氮杂-双环[2,2,2]辛烷),并将其作为非均相催化剂应用于分子内和分子间的Morita-Baylis-Hillman及氮杂-Morita-Baylis-Hillman反应中,在所有这些反应中,产物的产率都可达到中等水平。     

Subsea flexible flowline installation issues and solutions

Flexible flowlines and risers have been increasingly used for deepwater and ultra-deepwater field applications,partially because of its low submerged weight and better dynamic characteristics comparing to rigid pipelines. The offshore installation of flowline may have advantages as well. However,it has special needs for the in-stallation aids,and it is challenging to install tie-in structures due to its low bending stiffness. This paper is to present some of the challenges during a recent flexible installation project with a total of more than 100 km flexible flowlines,and 24 in-line sleds/pipeline end termination(PLET) in water depth up to 1 300 m.     

Negotiated Measures : The Institutional Micropolitics of Official Criminal Justice Statistics

This paper examines some of the background social and institutional practices involved in the production of official statistics about crime and criminal justice. It documents how a host of micropolitical considerations impinge on what studies are conducted, which agencies control official data, and how measures are standardized. The communication of statistical facts is also shown to be influenced by a concern to prospectively manage the political symbolism of popular accounts about crime and criminal justice statistics.     

可扩充计算年度综述

本书是《可扩充计算》丛书的第5卷。全书是由4篇综述组成的。第1篇不规则算法的并行计算策略，考虑了三个具有代表性的不规则应用；无结构重啮合、稀疏矩阵计算和N体问题。第2篇在群与网格上的大规模不规则计算的实时支持，介绍了一个正在形成的计算基础结构——在计算群集和计算网格上实施不规则数据密集应用的一种综合方法，即想法、技术、概念及软件结构；提出了并行化策略和一个叫做lib的运行时程序库，该程序库支持不规则与缺乏核心的计算，并且介绍了在安装有建立于lib基础上的软件的PC以及工作站群集所获得的试验执行结果。