浅析低压供电设计计算

根据低压供电系统的整定计算原则,分析了低压供电设计计算中遇到的问题,提出了利用新设备和新技术的优势,解决供电设计中的难题。     

退火温度对钨中He相关缺陷演化影响的研究

本文通过离子注入向钨体中注入能量为100keV氦离子,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)以及慢正电子束分析(SPBA)手段研究了不同退火温度下氦在钨体中的行为以及相关缺陷的演化.实验结果表明:低温退火并未改变相关缺陷的类型,样品S参数的下降表明低温退火导致了缺陷浓度的降低;当退火温度达到700℃时,样品S-W参数线性分布的变化表明缺陷类型逐渐发生改变;随着退火温度的进一步升高,He相关缺陷的演化程度加剧并向更深处迁移.     

Senescence surveillance of pre-malignant hepatocytes limits liver cancer development

Upon the aberrant activation of oncogenes, normal cells can enter the cellular senescence program, a state of stable cell-cycle arrest, which represents an important barrier against tumour development in vivo. Senescent cells communicate with their environment by secreting various cytokines and growth factors, and it was reported that this 'secretory phenotype' can have pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic effects. Here we show that oncogene-induced senescence occurs in otherwise normal murine hepatocytes in vivo. Pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes secrete chemo- and cytokines and are subject to immune-mediated clearance (designated as 'senescence surveillance'), which depends on an intact CD4(+) T-cell-mediated adaptive immune response. Impaired immune surveillance of pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes results in the development of murine hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), thus showing that senescence surveillance is important for tumour suppression in vivo. In accordance with these observations, ras-specific Th1 lymphocytes could be detected in mice, in which oncogene-induced senescence had been triggered by hepatic expression of Nras(G12V). We also found that CD4(+) T cells require monocytes/macrophages to execute the clearance of senescent hepatocytes. Our study indicates that senescence surveillance represents an important extrinsic component of the senescence anti-tumour barrier, and illustrates how the cellular senescence program is involved in tumour immune surveillance by mounting specific immune responses against antigens expressed in pre-malignant senescent cells.     

UNC-6/netrin and its receptor UNC-5 locally exclude presynaptic components from dendrites

Polarity is an essential feature of many cell types, including neurons that receive information from local inputs within their dendrites and propagate nerve impulses to distant targets through a single axon. It is generally believed that intrinsic structural differences between axons and dendrites dictate the polarized localization of axonal and dendritic proteins. However, whether extracellular cues also instruct this process in vivo has not been explored. Here we show that the axon guidance cue UNC-6/netrin and its receptor UNC-5 act throughout development to exclude synaptic vesicle and active zone proteins from the dendrite of the Caenorhabditis elegans motor neuron DA9, which is proximal to a source of UNC-6/netrin. In unc-6/netrin and unc-5 loss-of-function mutants, presynaptic components mislocalize to the DA9 dendrite. In addition, ectopically expressed UNC-6/netrin, acting through UNC-5, is sufficient to exclude endogenous synapses from adjacent subcellular domains within the DA9 axon. Furthermore, this anti-synaptogenic activity is interchangeable with that of LIN-44/Wnt despite being transduced through different receptors, suggesting that extracellular cues such as netrin and Wnts not only guide axon navigation but also regulate the polarized accumulation of presynaptic components through local exclusion.     

电化学活化玻碳电极应用于铅离子的电分析检测

经电化学活化后的玻璃碳电极可吸附溶液中的铅离子.吸附铅的循环伏安阳极峰电流值与溶液中铅离子浓度成一定的线性关系,在0.1-1.0μmol/L,线性系数为0.998,响应斜率为50.0A/(mol·L-1),检测下限小于0.01μmol/L.铅离子的吸附与静电反应及活化玻碳电极的微观环境有关.     

高渗砂岩油藏水平井储层保护钻井完井液

塔里木盆地三叠系储层为中孔中–高渗储层,孔隙结构呈强非均质性,潜在固相侵入、微粒运移、出砂、流体敏
感性损害严重,水平井完井投产后自喷、气举困难,甚至没有产量。原井浆粒度分析、动态损害评价实验表明,原井浆
对渗透率100 mD 以上的储层保护能力不佳,返排恢复率低于50%。根据屏蔽暂堵原理对原井浆进行改性,并开展了
改性浆粒度分析及动态损害评价;利用FEI Quanta 450 环境扫描电镜观察了原井浆及改性浆的滤饼结构,借助分形几
何理论分析了滤饼孔隙率、孔径和分形维数等结构参数。结果表明：改性钻井完井液能形成致密的滤饼,有效封堵储
层孔喉,返排恢复率达90% 以上。将改性配方应用到工区水平井钻井现场试验,投产后实现了开井高产自喷。     

乙酸乙酯分离竹子中木质素制浆造纸研究

用乙酸乙酯浸提竹子制取纸浆，并用造纸行业相关国家标准对纸浆进行了分析。探讨了乙酸乙酯浓度、反应温度、反应时间、原料与溶剂的固液比对纸浆质量的影响。实验结果表明：当乙酸乙酯浓度为60％、反应温度为180℃、反应时间2h、原料-溶剂比为1：6时，制得的纸浆中残余木素含量相对较低、纸浆得率较高。     

Recent temperature increase recorded in an ice core in the source region of Yangtze River

Interests on climate change in the source region of Yangtze River have been raised since it is a region with the greatest warming over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). A 70-year history of precipitation δ~(18)O has been recovered using an ice core record retrieved in a plat portion of the firn area in the Guoqu Glacier (33°34′37.8″N, 91°10′35.3″E, 5720 m a.s.l.), Mt. Geladaindong (the source region of Yangtze River), in November, 2005. By using a significant positive relationship between ice core δ~(18)O record and summer air temperature (July to September) from the nearby meteorological stations, a history of summer air temperature has been reconstructed for the last 70 years. Summer temperature was relatively low in 1940s and high in 1950s to the middle of 1960s. The lowest temperature occurred in the middle of 1970s. Temperature was low in 1980s and dramatically increased since 1990s, keeping the trend to the begin-ning of the 21st century. The warming rate recorded in the ice core with 0.5℃/10 a since 1970s is much higher that that in the central TP and the Northern Hemisphere (NH), and it becomes 1.1℃/10 a since 1990s which is also higher than these from the central TP and the NH, reflecting an accelerated warm-ing and a more sensitive response to global warming in the high elevation region.     

90t转炉托圈承载能力有限元分析

以内腹板局部区域蚀损严重的90t转炉托圈为主要研究对象,采用大型CAE仿真分析软件ANSYS对转炉工作过程中的温度场、热-固耦合应力场进行有限元仿真计算,分析蚀损托圈能否继续使用。结果表明,温度场计算结果与现场实测值基本吻合;与蚀损前相比,托圈蚀损区域某质点应力增加近一倍,蚀损区域最大应力达111.1MPa,对托圈的结构强度产生了一定的影响,需要及时进行加固维护以提高托圈的承载能力。