关于切比雪夫型方程组的研究

研究了2类二维切比雪夫型方程组的全体复数解,得到了2类二维切比雪夫型方程组的全体复数解的个数定理、解结构定理、解的相关性质及其求解的一般步骤.     

RTK-GPS与全站仪在公路工程测量中长度投影的改正方法

文章结合实际项目阐述了公路工程中RTK-GPS与全站仪在测量长度投影变形值的改正方法.     

Senescence surveillance of pre-malignant hepatocytes limits liver cancer development

Upon the aberrant activation of oncogenes, normal cells can enter the cellular senescence program, a state of stable cell-cycle arrest, which represents an important barrier against tumour development in vivo. Senescent cells communicate with their environment by secreting various cytokines and growth factors, and it was reported that this 'secretory phenotype' can have pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic effects. Here we show that oncogene-induced senescence occurs in otherwise normal murine hepatocytes in vivo. Pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes secrete chemo- and cytokines and are subject to immune-mediated clearance (designated as 'senescence surveillance'), which depends on an intact CD4(+) T-cell-mediated adaptive immune response. Impaired immune surveillance of pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes results in the development of murine hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), thus showing that senescence surveillance is important for tumour suppression in vivo. In accordance with these observations, ras-specific Th1 lymphocytes could be detected in mice, in which oncogene-induced senescence had been triggered by hepatic expression of Nras(G12V). We also found that CD4(+) T cells require monocytes/macrophages to execute the clearance of senescent hepatocytes. Our study indicates that senescence surveillance represents an important extrinsic component of the senescence anti-tumour barrier, and illustrates how the cellular senescence program is involved in tumour immune surveillance by mounting specific immune responses against antigens expressed in pre-malignant senescent cells.     

S-nitrosylation of NADPH oxidase regulates cell death in plant immunity

Changes in redox status are a conspicuous feature of immune responses in a variety of eukaryotes, but the associated signalling mechanisms are not well understood. In plants, attempted microbial infection triggers the rapid synthesis of nitric oxide and a parallel accumulation of reactive oxygen intermediates, the latter generated by NADPH oxidases related to those responsible for the pathogen-activated respiratory burst in phagocytes. Both nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates have been implicated in controlling the hypersensitive response, a programmed execution of plant cells at sites of attempted infection. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin their function and coordinate their synthesis are unknown. Here we show genetic evidence that increases in cysteine thiols modified using nitric oxide, termed S-nitrosothiols, facilitate the hypersensitive response in the absence of the cell death agonist salicylic acid and the synthesis of reactive oxygen intermediates. Surprisingly, when concentrations of S-nitrosothiols were high, nitric oxide function also governed a negative feedback loop limiting the hypersensitive response, mediated by S-nitrosylation of the NADPH oxidase, AtRBOHD, at Cys 890, abolishing its ability to synthesize reactive oxygen intermediates. Accordingly, mutation of Cys 890 compromised S-nitrosothiol-mediated control of AtRBOHD activity, perturbing the magnitude of cell death development. This cysteine is evolutionarily conserved and specifically S-nitrosylated in both human and fly NADPH oxidase, suggesting that this mechanism may govern immune responses in both plants and animals.     

A terahertz metamaterial with unnaturally high refractive index

Controlling the electromagnetic properties of materials, going beyond the limit that is attainable with naturally existing substances, has become a reality with the advent of metamaterials. The range of various structured artificial 'atoms' has promised a vast variety of otherwise unexpected physical phenomena, among which the experimental realization of a negative refractive index has been one of the main foci thus far. Expanding the refractive index into a high positive regime will complete the spectrum of achievable refractive index and provide more design flexibility for transformation optics. Naturally existing transparent materials possess small positive indices of refraction, except for a few semiconductors and insulators, such as lead sulphide or strontium titanate, that exhibit a rather high peak refractive index at mid- and far-infrared frequencies. Previous approaches using metamaterials were not successful in realizing broadband high refractive indices. A broadband high-refractive-index metamaterial structure was theoretically investigated only recently, but the proposed structure does not lend itself to easy implementation. Here we demonstrate that a broadband, extremely high index of refraction can be realized from large-area, free-standing, flexible terahertz metamaterials composed of strongly coupled unit cells. By drastically increasing the effective permittivity through strong capacitive coupling and decreasing the diamagnetic response with a thin metallic structure in the unit cell, a peak refractive index of 38.6 along with a low-frequency quasi-static value of over 20 were experimentally realized for a single-layer terahertz metamaterial, while maintaining low losses. As a natural extension of these single-layer metamaterials, we fabricated quasi-three-dimensional high-refractive-index metamaterials, and obtained a maximum bulk refractive index of 33.2 along with a value of around 8 at the quasi-static limit.     

甲基丙烯酸氟烷基酯常规及核壳乳液聚合

以甲基丙烯酸氟烷基酯(Zonyl TM)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸正丁酯为原料,分别采用常规乳液聚合和核壳乳液聚合两种方法制备了两组三元共聚物乳液。系统研究了聚合条件对乳液稳定性和聚合反应动力学的影响,计算出聚合反应的表观活化能为68.4 kJ/mol,恒速期反应速率与乳化剂浓度和引发剂浓度的关系为Rp∝[I]0.66[E]0.8。通过共聚物膜对水接触角的测定,比较了两种聚合方法制备的样品涂膜的表面性能,发现所制备的样品均具有良好的疏水性能。氟单体含量相同时,核壳乳液聚合样品的疏水性明显优于常规乳液聚合样品。     

最短路问题的闭环DNA算法

提出了不等长闭环DNA分子的概念,由此推广了闭环DNA计算模型。给出了固定端点的最短路问题闭环DNA算法,该算法首先对每条弧进行了三组DNA编码,再用有目的的终止技术合成固定端点的所有链,然后通过接入实验和电泳实验得到最短路,并通过检测实验输出所有最短路径。得出了算法的复杂性,为说明算法的有效性给出了一个算例。最后讨论了最短路问题闭环DNA算法在变权网络、自由终点或固定中间点的最短路问题中的应用,并给出了相应的解决方法。由此说明该算法具有广泛的适应性。     

公安信息"百城联网"工程研究

本文分析了公安系统内户籍管理百城联网所需的要求和条件,介绍了实现百城联网的一些方法和相关技术。     

ESR测年法在黄土中的应用及存在的一些问题

ESR测年法近年来迅速发展,填补了铀系不平衡法及14C法所遗留下来的一些空白.介绍ESR法测年的基本原理及特点,重点阐述在黄土测年中的实际应用及存在的一些问题:石英类型的选择,年龄较轻黄土的ESR信号的选择,初始剂量的测定,宇宙射线对样品的贡献,石英重结晶作用对年剂量的影响,放射性元素的衰变规律的校正,含水量的校正,样品周围放射性元素的迁移等.