Mercury speciation and spatial distribution in surface waters of the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet

The Yarlung Zangbo River is the highest river in the world. It flows from west to east through the southern part of Tibet. The mercury (Hg) speciation and distribution in surface waters and soils near the bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River and its two tribu-taries, the Lhasa and Niyang Rivers, were investigated in June 2007. Simultaneously, major water quality parameters were also measured at the same stations. Total Hg (THg) and total methylmercury (TMeHg) concentrations in surface waters of the Yarlung Zangbo River ranged from 1.46 to 4.99 ng/L and from 0.06 to 0.29 ng/L, respectively, representing the background levels in river systems of the Tibetan Plateau. Particulate Hg (PHg) accounted for 69% of the THg, and the two Hg species had a significant relationship (r=0.990, P<0.01). Approximately 61% of the spatial distribution of THg was controlled by the concentrations of total suspended particles (TSP). Reactive Hg (RHg) concentrations ranged from 0.10 to 0.36 ng/L, and this fraction may play a weak role in terms of the transport and fate of Hg in surface waters. Dissolved methylmercury (DMeHg) constituted 71% of the TMeHg and was significantly correlated with TMeHg (r=0.746, P<0.01). The spatial distribution of TMeHg is not strongly affected by environmental factors such as THg, RHg, temperature, pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and TSP. In addition, the inflow of both the Lhasa and Niyang Rivers probably influences the concentrations of THg in surface waters of the mainstream, but such an effect is not obvious for TMeHg.     

受非完整性约束的移动机器人路径跟踪算法

文章讨论了受非完整约束限制的两轮差动驱动机器人的路径跟踪问题,研究移动机器人在一个运动周期内的轨迹,找出该周期内机器人起点坐标和终点坐标之间的联系,推导出一种新模型;针对机器人跟踪任意期望几何路径,提出了斜率算法;对于期望路径是圆弧的特例,提出曲率半径算法,进一步提高跟踪速度平稳性和跟踪精度。     

车载激光与单目线阵相机的数据融合

数据融合的目的是建立激光点与图像像点之间的映射关系.目前,常用的方法有标定法、数字微分纠正、多项式纠正和直接线性变换方法等.本文针对车载三维信息采集系统的特点,以及上述方法在车载系统应用中的不足,提出了车载系统多源数据融合方法.利用线阵图像的构像方程求取最佳扫描行实现空间同步,进而完成数据融合.最后,利用铁路两侧采集的数据对融合方法进行验证.     

RS-based research on the relationship between vegetation development and groundwater in upper-middle reaches region of the Yellow River basin

The relationship between the groundwater and the surface eco-environment in arid area is very close. In this paper, the authors extracted normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and vegetation conditional ratio (VCR) from MODIS images, and analyzed the relationships among NDVI, VCR and the measured data of groundwater of the same location in the research region. Based on this, the depth of groundwater suitable for vegetation growth in the upper-middle reaches of the Yellow River basin has been calculated. The results show that the depth of groundwater suitable for vegetation growth in the research region ranges from 0.8 to 4.5m, and the optimal groundwater depth is 1.2m. The method developed in this study is applicable to research the relationship between the groundwater and land surface vegetation environment on large-scale in arid area.     

理论与实践相结合,强化实践能力培养——《混凝土结构》课程教学方法探讨

文章针对《混凝土结构》课程特点,探讨了以强化学生实践能力为目的的教学方法,以及包含认识实习、生产实习、课程设计、毕业设计在内的全过程实践教学环节改革。     

非物质文化遗产的知识产权保护刍议

非物质文化遗产是古代人民的智慧结晶,其抢救、保护和开发利用,必须改变现在非物质文化遗产知识产权保护存在的困境和障碍。文章从非物质文化遗产的概念和特征出发,对我国非物质文化遗产知识产权保护的现状进行了分析与评价,并从立法与执法、权利人知识产权意识与调动群众保护积极性三个方面来完善非物质文化遗产的知识产权保护。     

海上丝绸之路航线网络的连通性建模与仿真研究

为推进海上丝绸之路航线网络的建设与完善,基于复杂网络的相关理论,从局部和全局两个角度对不同攻击模式和应对策略下网络的连通性进行了研究.结果表明,海上丝绸之路航线网络在节点随机攻击下的抗毁性较强,而在选择攻击下,网络的连通性较差;对于提高航线网络连通性,甩港策略的效果要更优于重要港口保护策略.同时,不同测度下,对网络连通性影响较大的港口多为东亚和东南亚地区介数较高的港口,在对网络进行连通性优化时,可根据介数确定各个港口在网络中的重要性.     

神经网络辅助的组合导航系统仿真研究

针对高空长航时无人机(High Altitude and Long Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,HALEUAV)的特点,提出一种SINS/GPS/北斗/DVS组合导航系统总体方案,并建立其联邦滤波器模型。在分析常规联邦滤波局限性的基础上,研究了基于子系统精度变化的信息分配系数自适应修正算法,设计了神经网络辅助联邦滤波的改进算法。仿真结果表明,改进滤波算法改善了数值计算的稳定性及系统的容错性,有效提高了导航精度,系统可满足无人机的导航要求。     

基于PLS的下向进路多参数优化方法

 为研究下向进路稳定性与多参数间的关系,提出采用正交数值模拟试验法和偏最小二乘法分析下向进路稳定性影响因素,并运用安全系数法和可靠度分析优化下向进路多参数,进而开展工业试验.结果表明:1)影响下向进路稳定性因素依次为:承载层厚度>进路宽度>进路高度>进路侧帮弹模>承载层弹模>充填体泊松比,且前3个因素影响效果显著;2)偏最小二乘法分析对承载层拉应力的拟合和预测效果良好,误差控制在15%以内;3)可靠度分析优化下向进路多参数较安全系数法更为合理,可实现下向进路安全高效经济开采.工业试验效果良好,表明偏最小二乘法优化下向进路多参数具有很好的理论及实践意义.     

行波磁场对板坯连铸结晶器内钢水流态的影响

针对板坯连铸过程中, 结晶器内钢水在行波磁场(电磁搅拌)作用下的流动行为, 采用水银作为模拟工质进行模型实验, 并结合基于流场雷诺应力模型的数值模拟, 分析钢水的流动规律及其对连铸工艺的影响. 研究结果显示, 施加行波磁场(电磁搅拌)时, 结晶器内钢水注流的对称性发生了改变, 进流被电磁力推向一侧, 在结晶器内形成全区域的水平环流, 破坏了通常钢水注流所呈现的规律性上下环流; 在结晶器上部近液面区域内, 水口两侧的环流分别被压缩到靠近水口或窄面的位置, 从而使结晶器内流场趋于紊乱的三维流态; 同时, 液面波动幅度增大, 在钢水注流与电磁力反向的一侧, 液面波动更加剧烈.