抽水蓄能电站高压管道的设计及衬砌选择

探讨了抽水蓄能电站的功能和作用,介绍了呼和浩特抽水蓄能电站的地理环境及工程建设情况,阐述了在其可行性研究阶段水道系统中高压管道的设计及衬砌形式的选择。     

胡塞尔视域中的自然主义意识研究认识论缺陷

在胡塞尔视域中,自然主义意识研究的非科学性主要体现为迷信自然科学范式,使意识自然化,疏离真正的心理现象。这使其认识论基础含糊、思路陷入循环论,视域上偏离纯粹意识领域,理论上导致怀疑论。对此,自然主义者没有深刻认识,这导致了不良影响。胡塞尔以后的自然主义意识研究及其认识论也不能避免以上问题。对于自然主义者而言,胡塞尔走向现象学的方案过于激进,引入现象学方案则较为稳妥,但任重而道远。     

Telomere dysfunction and Atm deficiency compromises organ homeostasis and accelerates ageing

Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) results from the loss of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (Atm) function and is characterized by accelerated telomere loss, genomic instability, progressive neurological degeneration, premature ageing and increased neoplasia incidence. Here we evaluate the functional interaction of Atm and telomeres in vivo. We examined the impact of Atm deficiency as a function of progressive telomere attrition at both the cellular and whole-organism level in mice doubly null for Atm and the telomerase RNA component (Terc). These compound mutants showed increased telomere erosion and genomic instability, yet they experienced a substantial elimination of T-cell lymphomas associated with Atm deficiency. A generalized proliferation defect was evident in all cell types and tissues examined, and this defect extended to tissue stem/progenitor cell compartments, thereby providing a basis for progressive multi-organ system compromise, accelerated ageing and premature death. We show that Atm deficiency and telomere dysfunction act together to impair cellular and whole-organism viability, thus supporting the view that aspects of A-T pathophysiology are linked to the functional state of telomeres and its adverse effects on stem/progenitor cell reserves.     

下倾管段塞流特征参数试验研究

为揭示下倾管段塞流的流动规律，在内径50 mm、长27.43 m的不锈钢多相流试验环道上对下倾管段塞流的特征参数进行了试验研究。采用差压波动信号相关分析技术，分析了气液相折算速度、混合速度以及管线倾角变化对液塞速度、平均液塞长度、最大液塞长度以及液塞频率的影响。结果表明，随混合速度的增加，液塞速度不是线性增加，而且对管线倾角的变化不敏感;平均液塞长度随着混合速度增大呈先减后增的变化趋势，但随着倾角的变化没有明确的规律，而当Froude数大于16时，管线倾角对最大液塞长度的影响减小;液塞频率随气、液相折算速度增加而单调增加，且倾角越大，液塞频率越小。     

《蒂迈欧篇》宇宙论及其对近代科学的影响

介绍《蒂迈欧篇》宇宙论思想，说明数学在宇宙起源、构成和运动中的作用及其在认识中的示范性和目的性。探析数学设计论及其解读之间的关联和区别，阐释这些思想给近代科学带来的双重影响。     

High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period

Two deep ice cores from central Greenland, drilled in the 1990s, have played a key role in climate reconstructions of the Northern Hemisphere, but the oldest sections of the cores were disturbed in chronology owing to ice folding near the bedrock. Here we present an undisturbed climate record from a North Greenland ice core, which extends back to 123,000 years before the present, within the last interglacial period. The oxygen isotopes in the ice imply that climate was stable during the last interglacial period, with temperatures 5 degrees C warmer than today. We find unexpectedly large temperature differences between our new record from northern Greenland and the undisturbed sections of the cores from central Greenland, suggesting that the extent of ice in the Northern Hemisphere modulated the latitudinal temperature gradients in Greenland. This record shows a slow decline in temperatures that marked the initiation of the last glacial period. Our record reveals a hitherto unrecognized warm period initiated by an abrupt climate warming about 115,000 years ago, before glacial conditions were fully developed. This event does not appear to have an immediate Antarctic counterpart, suggesting that the climate see-saw between the hemispheres (which dominated the last glacial period) was not operating at this time.     

LKB1 modulates lung cancer differentiation and metastasis

Germline mutation in serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11, also called LKB1) results in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, characterized by intestinal hamartomas and increased incidence of epithelial cancers. Although uncommon in most sporadic cancers, inactivating somatic mutations of LKB1 have been reported in primary human lung adenocarcinomas and derivative cell lines. Here we used a somatically activatable mutant Kras-driven model of mouse lung cancer to compare the role of Lkb1 to other tumour suppressors in lung cancer. Although Kras mutation cooperated with loss of p53 or Ink4a/Arf (also known as Cdkn2a) in this system, the strongest cooperation was seen with homozygous inactivation of Lkb1. Lkb1-deficient tumours demonstrated shorter latency, an expanded histological spectrum (adeno-, squamous and large-cell carcinoma) and more frequent metastasis compared to tumours lacking p53 or Ink4a/Arf. Pulmonary tumorigenesis was also accelerated by hemizygous inactivation of Lkb1. Consistent with these findings, inactivation of LKB1 was found in 34% and 19% of 144 analysed human lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, respectively. Expression profiling in human lung cancer cell lines and mouse lung tumours identified a variety of metastasis-promoting genes, such as NEDD9, VEGFC and CD24, as targets of LKB1 repression in lung cancer. These studies establish LKB1 as a critical barrier to pulmonary tumorigenesis, controlling initiation, differentiation and metastasis.