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931.
Neuronal function depends crucially on the spatial segregation of specific membrane proteins, particularly the segregation associated with sites of synaptic contact. Understanding the factors governing this localization of proteins is a major goal of cellular neurobiology. A conspicuous example of synaptic specialization is the almost exclusive localization of vertebrate skeletal muscle acetylcholine (ACh) receptors to the subsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction (for example, refs 1,2). The localization of other membrane proteins in skeletal muscle has been much less studied, but a knowledge of their distribution is crucial for understanding the factors governing regional specialization. We have explored the distribution in muscle of the voltage-gated Na channel responsible for the action potential using the loose patch-clamp technique, and have measured Na currents in 5-10 micron-diameter membrane patches as a function of distance from the end plate region of snake and rat muscle fibres. Here we report that the Na current density immediately adjacent to the endplate is 5-10-fold higher than at regions away from the endplate. The increased Na current density falls off rapidly with distance, reaching the background level 100-200 micron from the endplate. Although one might expect ACh receptors to be concentrated near the region of ACh release, such a concentration for Na channels, which propagate the impulse throughout the length of the cell, is surprising and suggests that factors similar to those responsible for concentrating ACh receptors at the endplate also operate to concentrate Na channels. 相似文献
932.
Summary Bilateral lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus of rats abolished circadian rhythms of oxygen consumption and of the respiratory quotient (RQ). The RQ remained constant at a level intermediate between the maximum (about 1.0) and minimum (about 0.9) values in control animals. 相似文献
933.
Location of functional regions of acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit by site-directed mutagenesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Mishina T Tobimatsu K Imoto K Tanaka Y Fujita K Fukuda M Kurasaki H Takahashi Y Morimoto T Hirose 《Nature》1985,313(6001):364-369
The availability of cloned cDNAs encoding the four subunits of the Torpedo acetylcholine receptor, which can be expressed to make functional receptors in Xenopus oocytes, has made possible a detailed investigation of the functions of the different structural components of the receptor. The functional analysis of receptors with alpha-subunits altered at specific sites by site-directed mutagenesis of the cDNA has allowed the location of specific regions of the alpha-subunit molecule involved in acetylcholine binding and forming a transmembrane ionic channel. 相似文献
934.
Identification of angiogenic activity and the cloning and expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor 总被引:55,自引:0,他引:55
F Ishikawa K Miyazono U Hellman H Drexler C Wernstedt K Hagiwara K Usuki F Takaku W Risau C H Heldin 《Nature》1989,338(6216):557-562
Cloning and sequencing of the complementary DNA for platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor indicates that it is a novel factor distinct from previously characterized proteins. The factor, a protein with a relative molecular mass of about 45,000, stimulates endothelial cell growth and chemotaxis in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. 相似文献
935.
用反相色谱法、电子天平法和ESCA对氧化前后炭纤维的表面性能作了研究。以炭纤维为固定相,正烷烃作探针分子进行了反相色谱实验,求得了炭纤维的吸附等温线。等温线属BrunauerⅡ型,比表面积因氧化而增大。用电子天平法,以正烷烃-甲酰胺-炭纤维体系间接地求得了炭纤维的表面自由能及其分量。表面自由能的极性分量因氧化处理而增大。ESCA的结果表明,经氧化处理后炭纤维表面的[O]/[C]比增大,但氧化影响仅限于表面,而对距表面5nm以下没有影响。 相似文献
936.
Bicuculline and picrotoxin block gamma-aminobutyric acid-gated Cl- conductance by different mechanisms 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Using isolated, internally perfused bullfrog dorsal root ganglion cells we have studied the dose-response curves for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the presence of internally or externally applied GABA antagonists. With external application of antagonists the inhibition of the GABA current by bicuculline was competitive and that by picrotoxin was noncompetitive. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline blocked when internally perfused. 相似文献
937.
Heterosexual chemoattraction studies on juvenile worms showed that 20- and 21-day-old worms do not attract each other, whereas 23- and 28-day-old worms are attracted to each other and pair with worms of the opposite sex. This onset of chemoattraction in vitro corresponds to the time when worms begin pairing in vivo. The ability of single worms to locate each other and mate is presumably mediated by chemoreceptors. 相似文献
938.
939.
Summary Phospholipids were added to purified lipoamidase from porcine brain microsomal membranes, and changes in lipoamidase activity were examined. Approximately twofold activation of lipoamidase activity occurred upon the addition of phosphatidylethanolamine. On the other hand, phosphosphatidylserine, cardiolipin, and phosphatidic acid reduced the enzyme activity by approximately 80%. This pattern of the activation of lipoamidase by phosphatidylethanolamine and its inhibition by phosphatidylserine is similar to the pattern for adenylate cyclase, and contrasts with the pattern for ATPase. 相似文献
940.
K.G. Subramanian R. Saravanan M. Geethalakshmi P. Helen Chandra M. Margenstern 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2007,17(4):479-485
Array P systems were introduced by Paun Gh. which is linking the two areas of membrane computing and picture grammars. Puzzle grammars were introduced by us for generating connected picture arrays in the two-dimensional plane, motivated by the problem of tiling the plane. On the other hand, incorporating into arrays the developmental type of generation used in the well-known biologically motivated L systems, Siromoney and Siromoney proposed a very general rectangular array generating model, called extended controlled tabled L array system (ECTLAS). In this paper we introduce two variations of the array P system, called BPG array P system and parallel array P system. The former has in the regions array objects and basic puzzle grammar rules (BPG), which are a specific kind of puzzle grammar rules. In the latter, the regions have rectangular array objects and tables of context-free rules. We examine these two types of P systems for their array generative power. 相似文献