全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16833篇 |
免费 | 258篇 |
国内免费 | 341篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 256篇 |
丛书文集 | 190篇 |
教育与普及 | 142篇 |
理论与方法论 | 47篇 |
现状及发展 | 5453篇 |
研究方法 | 597篇 |
综合类 | 10617篇 |
自然研究 | 130篇 |
出版年
2014年 | 176篇 |
2012年 | 359篇 |
2011年 | 500篇 |
2010年 | 237篇 |
2009年 | 276篇 |
2008年 | 445篇 |
2007年 | 481篇 |
2006年 | 429篇 |
2005年 | 456篇 |
2004年 | 347篇 |
2003年 | 337篇 |
2002年 | 381篇 |
2001年 | 601篇 |
2000年 | 568篇 |
1999年 | 582篇 |
1998年 | 342篇 |
1997年 | 357篇 |
1996年 | 311篇 |
1995年 | 280篇 |
1994年 | 255篇 |
1993年 | 222篇 |
1992年 | 391篇 |
1991年 | 336篇 |
1990年 | 336篇 |
1989年 | 297篇 |
1988年 | 287篇 |
1987年 | 288篇 |
1986年 | 214篇 |
1985年 | 268篇 |
1984年 | 229篇 |
1983年 | 173篇 |
1982年 | 176篇 |
1981年 | 182篇 |
1980年 | 170篇 |
1979年 | 403篇 |
1978年 | 340篇 |
1977年 | 250篇 |
1976年 | 290篇 |
1975年 | 260篇 |
1974年 | 272篇 |
1973年 | 224篇 |
1972年 | 244篇 |
1971年 | 308篇 |
1970年 | 374篇 |
1969年 | 254篇 |
1968年 | 307篇 |
1967年 | 292篇 |
1966年 | 249篇 |
1965年 | 178篇 |
1958年 | 162篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
12.
13.
LUO HaiYing WANG YunFang KONG Wei PEI XueTao 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(18):2449-2456
Today, liver transplantation (LT) is the only established treatment for end-stage liver diseases. The de- velopment of LT, including OLT, cadaveric LT, split LT, living donor LT (LDLT), brings hopes to patients with these diseases. However, increasing donor shortage, rejection and life-long immunosuppression with its side effects are the major limitations of this therapy strategy. Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDSCs) are capable of differentiating into hepatocyte-like cells and contribute to liver injury repair. The microenvironment of liver injury caused by rejection, ischemia/reperfusion, loss of liver mass, recurrence of HCV and "small-for-size syndrome" after LT can attract a variety of bone marrow-derived stem cell population to the peripheral circulation and then migration to the injury liver to promote the hepatic function restoration. Additionally, BMDSCs can also take part in the functional regeneration of living donor liver after LDLT. This participation in liver regeneration may be associated to the interac- tion between SDF-1and its receptor CXCR4, involving HGF, IL-8, MMP9, and VEGF/VEGFR-2. BMDSC with its bio-characteristics could maintain the allograft tolerance from different angles and in different ways. In conclusion, BMDSCs transplantation, as a new assistant therapeutic method for LT, will ex- pand the space of LT, and provide more survival opportunities for the patients suffering liver diseases in the future. 相似文献
14.
C~3I系统理论评述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
罗雪山 《系统工程与电子技术》1992,(5)
本文综述了C~3I系统研究中的主要问题与现状,讨论了该系统的建模、效能分析以及影响理论研究的几个因素,并对未来C~3I系统理论的主要问题、难点以及解决手段等进行了探讨。 相似文献
15.
本文提出了流体力学解析边界拟合坐标系方法,及建立在这种坐标系基础上对流动方程进行摄动处理的方法,并列举几种流动建立了解析边界拟合坐标系中的方程。 相似文献
16.
罗雪山 《系统工程理论与实践》1995,15(7):8-18
本文介绍了时效性这个概念, 讨论了在C~3I系统中考虑时效性概念的意义与必要性。文中针对炮兵火力支持系统研究了如何对C~3I系统的时效性进行评估, 给出了一种评价C~3I系统时效性的方法, 详细讨论了不同作战方案对C~3I系统时效性的影响, 通过对案例进行的深入分析, 进一步揭示了时效性概念的内涵, 以及时效性概念在C~3I系统分析与设计中的重要性。 相似文献
17.
固态雷达发射组件是有源阵的关键部件,而控保电路是实现固态脉冲功放的重要部分。本文介绍了为雷达第一级固态发射组件研制的高效多功能控保电路以及它的实践情况。 相似文献
18.
19.
Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) was administered orally (3 mg/day) to 9 healthy subjects for 4 weeks. Nocturnal melatonin levels after exposure to bright light (ca. 2500 lx) were determined, as well as the levels of plasma melatonin over 24 h. The timing of sleep was also recorded. Vitamin B12 was given blind to the subjects and crossed over with placebo. We found that the 24-h melatonin rhythm was significantly phase-advanced (1.1 h) in the vitamin B12 trial as compared with that in the placebo trial. In addition, the 24-h mean of plasma melatonin level was much lower in the vitamin B12 trial than with the placebo. Furthermore, the nocturnal melatonin levels during bright light exposure were significantly lower in the vitamin B12 trial than with the placebo. On the other hand, vitamin B12 did not affect the timing of sleep. These findings raise the possibility that vitamin B12 phase-advances the human circadian rhythm by increasing the light sensitivity of the circadian clock. 相似文献
20.
Shiga toxin and some other protein toxins that act on targets in the cytosol have previously been shown to enter the trans-Golgi network. Transport by this route may be necessary for translocation of the toxin to the cytosol and for intoxication, but it is not known whether the enzymatically active part of the toxins actually enters the cytosol from the trans-Golgi network. It has been suggested that such toxins are transported in a retrograde manner to the endoplasmic reticulum and that translocation occurs in this organelle, but retrograde transport of endocytosed material beyond the trans-Golgi network has never been demonstrated. Here we show that in butyric acid-treated A431 cells endocytosed Shiga toxin is not only transported to the trans-Golgi network, but also to all Golgi stacks, to the endoplasmic reticulum and to the nuclear envelope. Furthermore, butyric acid sensitizes the cells to Shiga toxin, which is consistent with the possibility that retrograde transport is required for translocation of the toxin to the cytosol. 相似文献