Salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in production of rice trypsin proteinase inhibitors induced by the leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenee）

The roles of signaling pathways in the production of trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TrypPIs) in rice infested by the leaf folder (LF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were studied. Infestation by LF increased TrypPI levels in the leaves of rice plants at the tillering, booting and flowering stages but decreased TrypPI levels at the ripening stage; TrypPI levels in rice stems did not increase at any developmental stage. Infestation by LF at the tillering stage systemically increased TrypPI levels in leaves but not in stems; it also enhanced salicylic acid (SA) levels in leaves and stems, and the ethylene level released from plants. However, LF infestation did not increase JA concentrations. Exogenous application of SA or ethylene enhanced TrypPI levels in the leaves and stems of plants at the tillering stage, whereas treatment with both SA and ethylene induced lower levels of TrypPIs than treatment with SA or ethylene alone, suggesting an antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene on TrypPIs induction. The results suggest that both SA and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in the production of TrypPIs in rice induced by LF; moreover, the antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene may explain the changes in TrypPI levels seen at different plant developmental stages and in different organs.     

宁州之设置与南中郡县制的反复——魏晋南北朝时期滇东北政区制度的演变

公元280年晋灭东吴后全国分为十九州,宁州居其一。此后300年间,国家陷于分裂,朝代更替频繁,政区变化无常;宁州郡县在中原王朝的军事监护与地方大姓的武力割据之间反复震荡;两汉及蜀国400年苦心经营建立的郡县制,终因豪强坐大而崩溃,郡县名号虽载于版籍,而行政制度无所施行。曾是经济繁荣、文化先进,号称＂宁州冠冕＂的朱提地区,社会发展也因此跌入低谷,历经了千年之久的停滞,直至明清时期才逐渐复苏。     

Morphology of polar ionospheric O^＋ ion upflow： FAST observations during quiet time

With energetic ion measurements on FAST satellite, the morphologic features of quiet-time ionospheric O ion upflowing at altitudes of 2000 to 4000 km are drawn out for the first time. The pre-noon cusp/cleft is the predominant region of upflowing occurrence for O with lower energy. Meanwhile the pre-dawn sector near the equatorward edge of the plasma convection dominates the occurrence for the higher energy O ions. No matter whether the energy is lower or higher, the upflows occur often over a wide MLT range of lower latitudes outside the auroral oval. The upflowing within the pre-midnight (21:00― 22:00 MLT) auroral oval carrys larger energy fluxes, with extremely large fluxes for higher energy O appearing near the polar cap boundary. For altitudes of 2000―4200 km under observation, the ion conics occur much more frequently than ion beams. Ion beams are rarely found below 3000 km, while the conics occur uniformly over the observed altitudes.     

工程设计 系统解决方案，第三版

工程设计在20世纪80年代引起世界范围的关注并得到迅猛发展。本书的德文和英文版为工业、研究及教育中系统的工程设计提供参考。     

CO2倍增对植物的生态生理效应

大气中CO2浓度倍增的环境学效应已经起各国科学家的关注。其中，CO2倍增的植物生态生理效应研究表明，大气中CO2倍增对作物产量品质、生长发育、形态结构、生理生化、植物环境等均产生明显影响。     

On the measurement of slip length for liquid flow over super-hydrophobic surface

To design a surface with large slip or larger drag reduction is a pop issue in the fields of liquid transporting and body swimming. In this context, it is a crucial problem to measure the slip length for these surfaces. Here we propose a novel method by using rheometer for this objective. This method is implemented by designing the distribution of the super-hydrophobic area on the sample. Using this method, a slip length of 40 μm for 70 wt% glycerin flow over a super-hydrophobic surface with stripe structure （the period, width and height of ridges are 150 μm, 40 μm and 65 μm, respectively） is measured. The result shows that the slip length measured using this method is in good agreement with former results measured by other methods. This method is fit for measuring the slip length of super-hydrophobic surface whose structure ranges from microto nano-scale.     

科学把握加强太原市社会管理创新工作的问题

从社会管理创新工作的概念与内涵、方向与原则、特色与格调、方法与手段、功能与效果5个方面,阐述了太原市全面创新社会管理的理论基础,分析了走原市建设首批全国社会管理创新综合试点城市的实践经验。     

New Challenge of Global Change

We briefly review the development of global change research program in the last decade, introduce the new structure of global change in the next decade, discusses the opportunities and challenges for China, and gives some suggestion on the supporting fields during the Tenth Five-Year Plan Period from 2001 to 2005.     

玉米油掺伪通用检验方法研究

采用玉米油、棉清油、菜籽油、棕榈油、大豆油、亚麻油为材料,分析其油脂脂肪酸组成;着重研究了玉米油掺入其它油品后脂肪酸组成的变化规律和掺伪量的计算方法,为玉米油掺伪检验提供了依据.     

关于Green定理的向量形式

通过引入梯度、旋度和散度,得到Green定理的向量形式.