不排水条件下黏土本构关系的数值建模

采用数值建模方法建立了不排水条件下黏土的弹塑性本构模型,为不排水条件下土体工程的计算机仿真提供了符合实际的本构方程.通过可视化给出整个应力场中排水与不排水条件下剪应变的三维变形曲面,对比两者发现,无论应力范围还是曲面坡度都存在显著差异;排水与不排水条件下的剪切屈服轨迹基本变化趋势相差不大,但不排水条件下剪应变上升较快;排水条件下的体积屈服轨迹开始稍微向右偏转,然后缓慢地向左偏转,而不排水条件下体积屈服轨迹开始也稍微向右偏转,然后较快地向左偏转.     

Spider toxins activate the capsaicin receptor to produce inflammatory pain

Bites and stings from venomous creatures can produce pain and inflammation as part of their defensive strategy to ward off predators or competitors. Molecules accounting for lethal effects of venoms have been extensively characterized, but less is known about the mechanisms by which they produce pain. Venoms from spiders, snakes, cone snails or scorpions contain a pharmacopoeia of peptide toxins that block receptor or channel activation as a means of producing shock, paralysis or death. We examined whether these venoms also contain toxins that activate (rather than inhibit) excitatory channels on somatosensory neurons to produce a noxious sensation in mammals. Here we show that venom from a tarantula that is native to the West Indies contains three inhibitor cysteine knot (ICK) peptides that target the capsaicin receptor (TRPV1), an excitatory channel expressed by sensory neurons of the pain pathway. In contrast with the predominant role of ICK toxins as channel inhibitors, these previously unknown 'vanillotoxins' function as TRPV1 agonists, providing new tools for understanding mechanisms of TRP channel gating. Some vanillotoxins also inhibit voltage-gated potassium channels, supporting potential similarities between TRP and voltage-gated channel structures. TRP channels can now be included among the targets of peptide toxins, showing that animals, like plants (for example, chilli peppers), avert predators by activating TRP channels on sensory nerve fibres to elicit pain and inflammation.     

重庆市产业集群现状及其培育策略研究

产业集群是当今产业发展的重要特征之一,是提升产业竞争力的重要方式,是增强区域综合竞争能力的重要途径.本文根据产业集群理论,对重庆市产业集群发展现状及存在的问题进行了剖析,并认为重庆的产业集群发展尚处于形成阶段,且基本上属于低端道路型产业集群.据此,文章提出了进一步培育重庆市产业集群的四点策略.     

水解血清白蛋白对紫杉醇的化学修饰

紫杉醇对卵巢癌和乳腺癌有良好的疗效 ,但它不溶于水 ,使临床应用很不方便 .用水解的牛血清白蛋白修饰紫杉醇 ,可提高其水溶性     

Characteristics of atmospheric aerosol optical depth variation over China in recent 30 years

This note retrieves the annual and monthly mean 0.75 μm aerosol optical depth (AOD) by using the daily direct solar radiation and sunshine duration data of 47 solar stations from 1961 to 1990. The characteristic of AOD variation over China in recent 30 years was analyzed. The results indicate that AOD increased obviously over China from 1961 to 1990. AOD increased most rapidly over the east part of Southwest China, the middle-and-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Tibetan Plateau. The increasing trend of AOD is also relatively distinct in North China, the Shandong Peninsula, east part of Qinghai Province, and coastal areas of Guangdong Province. However, in most parts of Northwest China and Northeast China, the increase of AOD is less significant, while in the west part of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and some parts of Yunnan Province, AOD shows decreasing tendency. Generally, AOD reaches its maximum in spring and the minimum appears in summer. As to the linear trend, the maximum occurs in spring but the minimum in winter. Among the 47 stations selected in this note, the largest three stations of AOD are Chengdu, Chongqing and Nanchong, respectively, which all lie in the Sichuan Basin, and the smallest value of AOD occurs in Jinghong located in Yunnan Province.     

服务补救策略对网购消费者满意度影响的实证研究——基于负面网络口碑传播动机的角度

文章尝试从负面口碑传播动机的角度研究不同的服务补救维度对网购消费者满意度的影响。研究结果表明:负面口碑传播动机对服务补救与消费者满意度之间的关系起调节作用;情感释放动机对精神补偿与消费者满意度之间关系的正向影响明显大于物质补偿与消费者满意度之间的关系;利他主义动机对服务补救与消费者满意度之间的关系有负面影响;报复商家动机对物质补偿与消费者满意度之间的关系有负面影响。     

石化烟机振动监测系统研究

为保证石化烟机正常运行,研究设计烟机振动监测系统.通过研究烟机机械振动特点,对烟机机械振动进行了建模,提出了振动信号分析的方法.应用Hibert变换对烟机振动加速度信号进行包络分析,并结合FFT变换对包络信号解调.给出了烟机振动监测系统的硬件组成和软件控制流程.监测系统以计算机和数据采集卡为硬件核心,以虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW为软件开发平台,实现对烟机振动加速度信号采集、数据处理及分析的功能,给出了烟机振动监测系统的软件程序框图.实际应用表明监测系统能准确检测烟机机械运行中出现的异常振动,可有效实现烟机的在线检测与故障诊断.     

Structures of magnetic null points in reconnection diffusion region: Cluster observations

Magnetic reconnection is a very important and fundamental plasma process in transferring energy from magnetic field into plasma. Previous theory, numerical simulations and observations mostly concentrate on 2-dimensional （2D） model; however, magnetic reconnection is a 3-dimensional （3D） nonlinear process in nature. The properties of reconnection in 3D and its associated singular structure have not been resolved completely. Here we investigate the structures and charactedstics of null points inside the reconnection diffusion region by introducing the discretized Poincar6 index through Gauss integral and using magnetic field data with high resolution from the four satellites of Cluster mission. We estimate the velocity and trajectory of null points by calculating its position in different times, and compare and discuss the observations with different reconnection models with null points based on characteristics of electric current around null points.     

Semi-crosslinked polyacrylamides as high-resolution and dynamic self-coating sieving matrices for protein capillary electrophoresis

This paper describes non-gel capillary sieving electrophoresis employing semi-crosslinked polyacrylamide as a high performance and low viscous replaceable separation matrix for separation of non-denatured protein separation. Arising from the fine sieving and dynamic coating ability of this polymer, a mixture of basic proteins lysozyme, cytochrome C, ribonuclease A, and trypsin was resolved with excellent reproducibility. Mixing different semi-crosslinked polyacrylamides together further improves the separation. The separtion mechanism was analyzed. With network structure developed to an intermediate state between crosslinked gel and linear polymer solutions, these semi-crosslinked polyacrylamide polymers demonstrate a promise as a new class of size sieving separation medium, not only in capillary electrophoresis, but also in microfluidic chip separation schemes.     

七所民族大学女生生殖健康知识教育现状和教育需求分析

各民族女大学生的生殖健康状况直接关系着我国各民族的健康繁衍．对这个群体生殖健康知识教育现状的关注和教育需求的分析是进一步工作的需要．本研究,用问卷调查的方式,对7所民族大学中大二、大三的少数民族和汉族共15,982名女大学生进行个人基本情况、月经和生殖健康知识及需求、对性的知识、态度和行为、性知识来源和需求情况进行调查和比较研究．结果发现：生长在城市的少数民族和汉族女大学生总体状况差异不大,生长在农村的少数民族和汉族女大学生,生长发育如身高、体重;月经的生理和心理状况;对月经及性知识的来源、获得途径、性行为后果等方面都要比城市少数民族和汉族女大学生差,这部分人群的生殖健康教育和性知识的需求更为突出,重点人群为哈、维、藏、彝族学生．建议给予重点关注和支持．