Dynamic mass variation and multiphase interaction among steel,slag, lining refractory and nonmetallic inclusions: Laboratory experiments and mathematical prediction

The mass transfer among the multiphase interactions among the steel, slag, lining refractory, and nonmetallic inclusions during the refining process of a bearing steel was studied using laboratory experiments and numerical kinetic prediction. Experiments on the system with and without the slag phase were carried out to evaluate the influence of the refractory and the slag on the mass transfer. A mathematical model coupled the ion and molecule coexistence theory, coupled-reaction model, and the surface renewal theory was established to predict the dy-namic mass transfer and composition transformation of the steel, the slag, and nonmetallic inclusions in the steel. During the refining process, Al2O3 inclusions transformed into MgO inclusions owing to the mass transfer of [Mg] at the steel/refractory interface and (MgO) at the slag/re-fractory interface. Most of the aluminum involved in the transport entered the slag and a small part of the aluminum transferred to lining re-fractory, forming the Al2O3 or MgO·Al2O3. The slag had a significant acceleration effect on the mass transfer. The mass transfer rate (or the re-action rate) of the system with the slag was approximately 5 times larger than that of the system without the slag. In the first 20 min of the re-fining, rates of magnesium mass transfer at the steel/inclusion interface, steel/refractory interface, and steel/slag interface were x, 1.1x, and 2.2x, respectively. The composition transformation of inclusions and the mass transfer of magnesium and aluminum in the steel were predicted with an acceptable accuracy using the established kinetic model.     

低轨星座导航增强能力研究与仿真

低轨卫星星座具有几何图形变化快、落地信号功率强、全球天基监测覆盖等天然优势,可对中高轨全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)星座进行有效补充和增强,提升全球定位、导航与授时(Positioning,Navigation and Timing,PNT)服务的精度、完好性、可用性和抗干扰等能力,已成为下一代卫星导航系统重要的发展方向.本文总结了国内外低轨星座发展现状,对不同低轨星座进行了分析和设计,对低轨星座提升导航定位精度、加速精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)收敛、全球天基监测等导航增强能力进行了分析,重点论证了低轨星座突破现有中高轨GNSS技术瓶颈的机遇和体系增量能力,给出了相应的仿真分析结果,以期对我国低轨星座和北斗卫星导航系统的融合发展提供参考和建议.     

关于共轭空间X~*中有界闭凸集的端点

本文首先给出一个反例,说明共轭空间X中有界闭凸集可以无端点,从而指出了《最优控制系统的微分方程理论》一文引理3的错误,并指出此引理结论成立的条件。     

AUTOMATIC DECISION-MAKING： NEURAL FIRING AND RESPONSE

1. Introduction This is the fourth exposition on theAnalytic Hierarchy Process. It is true thatmany decisions we make subconsciously ariseout of our physical and biological needs andderive from the pressure to survive physically.We also make subconsciou…     

MAN-MACHINE COLLABORATED KNOWLEDGE CREATION IN HWMSE

1 Introduction Science of complexity and complex systems is a relatively new area In wide fields from chemistry, biology, environment, geo-science, climatology to economics and sociology, complexity has been studied from diverse views and understandings Systems science, which could be traced back to Ludwig von Bertalanffy’foundational work on general system theory, plays an active role in complexity studies From system perspectives, relevant concepts often include interaction, feedback, evol…     

Image Retrieval Based on Objects＇ Spatial Orientation Relationships

A new concept of characteristic scanning radial (CSR) is proposed for the segmented image on the basis of two shape-speciiic points oi its shape-objects. Subsequently, two characteristic attribute sequences (CAS) of relative distance and relative direction are derived to represent the spatial orientation relationships among objects of the image. A novel image retrieval algorithm is presented using these two CASs. The proposed retrieval approach not only satisfies the transformational invariance, but also attains the quantitative comparison of matching. Experiments identify the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm adequately.     

实验报告撰写改革尝试

我们通过改革植物生理学实验报告的撰写形式,拓宽了学生的知识面,提高了学生查阅资料、实验操作及撰写科技论文的能力,对提高学生的综合素质起到了积极作用.     

市场导向下企业生产计划快速反应系统

市场导向下企业生产计划快速反应系统龚国华（上海工业大学经济管理学院２０００７０）ＱｕｉｃｋｌｙＲｅａｃｔｉｎｇＳｙｓｔｅｍｏｆＥｎｔｅｒｐｒｉｓｅｅＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰｌａｎＧｕｉｄｅｄｂｙＭａｒｋｅｔＧｏｎｇＧｕｏｈｕａ（ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＵｎｉｖ...     

Preparation and characteristics of flexible all-organic thin-film field-effect transistor

Much attention has been attracted to organic thin-film field-effect transistors (OTFFETs) in the past decades[1—4]. Because of their lower cost and easier preparation, OTFFETs are considered to be useful in driving liquid crystal displays (LCD) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLED). Furthermore, flexible OTFFETs will be one of the most useful electronic devices for flexible active matrix driving circuits. OTFFETs based on pentacene single crystal have been reported to be of g…