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61.
Li-ying Huang Kuai-she Wang Wen Wang Kai Zhao Jie Yuan Ke Qiao Bing Zhang Jun Cai 《北京科技大学学报》2019,(2)
Low-carbon steel plates were successfully subjected to normal friction stir processing(NFSP) in air and submerged friction stir processing(SFSP) under water, and the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of the NFSP and SFSP samples were investigated. Phase transformation and dynamic recrystallization resulted in fine-grained ferrite and martensite in the processed zone. The SFSP samples had smaller ferrites(5.1 μm), finer martensite laths(557 nm), and more uniform distribution of martensite compared to the NFSP samples. Compared to the base material(BM), the microhardness of the NFSP and SFSP samples increased by 19.8% and 27.1%, respectively because of the combined strengthening effects of grain refinement, phase transformation, and dislocation. The ultimate tensile strengths(UTSs) of the NFSP and SFSP samples increased by 27.1% and 38.7%, respectively. Grain refinement and martensite transformation also improved the electrochemical corrosion properties of the low-carbon steel. Overall, the SFSP samples had better mechanical properties and electrochemical corrosion resistance than the NFSP samples. 相似文献
62.
James Bowers Hui Cao Geng Qiao Qi Li Gan Zhang Ernesto Mur Yulong Ding 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2018,28(2):225-234
Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids (water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). 相似文献
63.
This paper examines the risk-return relationship for the carbon future market during Phases I, II and III of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). The risk factors derived from the newly developed LSW model, are embedded into a GARCH framework. This new specification is compared with several GARCH-M type models analyzing the risk-return relationship in the carbon market. The results show that the new specification consistently achieves a good fit and possesses superior explanatory power for the European Union Allowance (EUA) data. Some policy suggestions regarding market efficiency are also provided. 相似文献
64.
The Weather Research and Forecasting model(WRF)is configured for the region of(15°–41°N,105°–135°E),which covers the same area with the MASNUM(Key Lab.Marine ScienceNumerical Modeling,State Oceanic Administration)wave-tide-circulation coupled operational forecast system.Three numerical experiments are implemented to investigate the effects of the real-time forecasted sea surface temperature(SST)and the nonbreaking wave-induced vertical mixing(Bv)on the track forecast of all 33 tropical cyclones(TC)in the model domain area during 2008 and 2011.The first experiment employs NCEP FNL(NCEP final analysis)SST as WRF’s bottom condition as the Control run,which is also the default setup of WRF.The second and third experiments use real-time forecasted SST from the MASNUM forecast system with and without Bv,respectively.The forecasted track results are compared with Japan Meteorological Agency’s best track data.For 24-h forecast,the averaged TC position error of Experiment with Bv is reduced by 9%compared to the Control experiment,while the forecasted track error of Experiment without Bv is reduced by only2%compared to the Control experiment.For the 48-h forecast,the averaged track errors are reduced by 10%and6%with Bv and without Bv compared to the Control experiment,respectively.These results suggest that the real-time forecasted SST can improve the performance of WRF in forecasting TC track,and the Bv plays an important role in reducing the forecast error of TC track.Comparatively,Bv can improve more on the track of stronger TC. 相似文献
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昆明松花坝水源保护区云南松林地表蚂蚁多样性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
运用陷阱法调查了昆明市松花坝水源保护区无干扰及干扰云南松林地表蚂蚁群落.无干扰样地蚂蚁群落由3亚科13种组成,亮毛蚁Lasius fuliginosus最常见;干扰样地由4亚科21种组成,细胸蚁2 Leptothorax sp.2和玉米毛蚁Lasius alienus最常见;2个样地的蚂蚁物种丰富度ACE估计值分别为24.76和26.27,样地间多度及物种丰富度估计值没有显著差异;无干扰样地蚂蚁群落物种组成不同于干扰样地,但部分样带与干扰样地接近;亮毛蚁是无干扰样地的指示物种(IndVal=0.9787,P=0.001),邵氏厚结猛蚁Pachycondyla sauteri是干扰样地的指示物种(IndVal=0.6667,P=0.001);地表蚂蚁多样性与植物多样性具有显著相关性.研究显示:云南松林地表蚂蚁多样性能够指示植物多样性;松花坝水源保护区云南松林地表蚂蚁多样性相对较低;干扰已经改变了云南松林的地表蚂蚁群落组成;保护区的建立对当地生物多样性有积极作用,但保护力度仍然不够. 相似文献
68.
针对不完整决策系统属性约简算法时间复杂度较高问题,基于正域不变条件下,决策系统分类能力保持不变原则,提出不完整决策系统前向顺序特征选择算法.该算法从约简集为空集开始,根据在约简集合中加入各属性后对正域影响程度大小将属性降序排列,采用顺序前向搜索,选择当前最佳特征加入特征约简集合,确定最佳特征子集.将该算法扩展到基于邻域... 相似文献
69.
利用描述环境作用的超算符方法对耗散腔中型三能级原子与光场Raman相互作用体系的主方程进行了精确求解;计算了原子、光场以及系统的线性熵,讨论了光场强度、腔的耗散系数以及原子两能级的Stark位移对线性熵的影响.结果发现:光场越强,光场与其它子系统进行熵交换的时间越长;腔耗散系数阻滞子系统间的熵交换;使系统的熵不可逆的增... 相似文献
70.
LED照明是当前照明市场的热点趋势,对于其驱动电路设计方案也层出不穷.本文根据恒电流二极管的特性,针对LED照明中的小功率和大功率LED的不同特性,分别给出了驱动电路设计.保证LED驱动电路性能的同时大大简化了其驱动电路设计,降低了驱动电路的成本. 相似文献