Parametric effects on the combustion flow field of a typical strut-based scramjet combustor

The flame-holding mechanism in hypersonic propulsion technology is the most important factor in prolonging the duration time of hypersonic vehicles.The two-dimensional coupled implicit Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations,the shear-stress transport k-ω turbulence model and the finite-rate/eddy-dissipation reaction models were used to simulate the combustion flow field of a typical strut-based scramjet combustor.We investigated the effects of the hydrogen-air reaction mechanism and fuel injection temperature and pressure on the parametric distributions in the combustor.The numerical results show qualitative agreement with the experimental data.The hydrogen-air reaction mechanism makes only a slight difference in parametric distributions along the walls of the combustor,and the expansion waves and shock waves exist in the combustor simultaneously.Furthermore,the expansion wave is formed ahead of the shock wave.A transition occurs from the shock wave to the normal shock wave when the injection pressure or temperature increases,and the reaction zone becomes broader.When the injection pressure and temperature both increase,the waves are pushed out of the combustor with subsonic flows.When the waves are generated ahead of the strut,the separation zone is formed in double near the walls of the combustor because of the interaction of the shock wave and the boundary layer.The separation zone becomes smaller and disappears with the disappearance of the shock wave.Because of the horizontal fuel injection,the vorticity is generated near the base face of the strut,and this region is the main origin for turbulent combustion.     

Rapid growth and sterility of growth hormone gene transgenic triploid carp

Triploid carp (100%) with 150 (3n=150) chromosomes were obtained by crossing the females of improved tetraploid hybrids (♀, 4n=200) of red crucian carp (♀)×common carp (♂) with the males of diploid yellow river carp (♂, 2n=100). The crosses yielded transgenic triploid carp (positive triploid fish, 44.2% of the progeny) and non-transgenic triploid carp (negative triploid fish). Histological examination of the gonads of 24-month-old positive triploid fish suggested they were sterile and the fish were not able to produce mature gametes during the breeding season. Morphologically, both the positive and negative triploid fish were similar. They had a spindle-shaped, laterally compressed, steel grey body with two pairs of barbells. Most of the quantifiable traits of the triploid carp were intermediate between those of the two parents. The positive and negative triploid fish were raised in the same pond for 2 years. The mean body weight of the positive triploid fish was 2.3 times higher than the negative triploid fish. The weight of the largest positive triploid fish was 2.91 times higher than that of the largest negative triploid fish. Thus, we produced fast-growing transgenic triploid carp that have a reduced ecological risk because of their inability to mate and produce progeny.     

Operational properties and matrix representations of quantum measures

Denoted by M(A), QM(A) and SQM(A) the sets of all measures, quantum measures and subadditive quantum measures on a σ-algebra A, respectively. We observe that these sets are all positive cones in the real vector space F(A) of all real-valued functions on A and prove that M(A) is a face of SQM(A). It is proved that the product of m grade-1 measures is a grade-m measure. By combining a matrix M _μ to a quantum measure μ on the power set A _n of an n-element set X, it is proved that μ ≪ ν (resp. μ ⊥ ν) if and only if M _μ ≪ M _ν (resp. M _μ M _ν =0). Also, it is shown that two nontrivial measures μ and ν are mutually absolutely continuous if and only if μ·ν∈QM(A _n ). Moreover, the matrices corresponding to quantum measures are characterized. Finally, convergence of a sequence of quantum measures on A _n is introduced and discussed; especially, the Vitali-Hahn-Saks theorem for quantum measures is proved.     

Potential influence of water level changes on energy flows in a lake food web

Large seasonal water-level fluctuations may influence isotopic signatures of primary producers and the types and amounts of these potential food sources accessible to aquatic fauna of Poyang Lake,the largest freshwater lake in China.In this study,the isotopic signatures of primary producers and consumers were determined,stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis and mixing models were combined to investigate the influence of water levels on the diet and isotopic composition of Poyang Lake fish and inverteb...     

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma recorded by major elements in sediments of the South China Sea

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has been investigated in the study of global change. Core sediment samples drilled in the South China Sea during ODP Leg184 are the best materials for studying long-term variability of the East Asian monsoon. R-mode factor analysis of major elements in the fine grain-sized carbonate-free sediments (<4 μm) of the upper 185 mcd splice of ODP Site 1146 drilled during Leg184 in the South China Sea shows that Ti, TFe2O3, MgO, K2O, P, CaO, and Al2O3 are representative of a terrestrial factor. The variation in the terrestrial factor score is subject to chemical erosion in the source region and thus indicates the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon. The terrestrial factor score has three stepwise decreases at ~1.3 Ma, ~0.9 Ma, and ~0.6 Ma, indicating the phased weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon is related to wholly stepwise, quick uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma. The periodic fluctuation of the terrestrial factor score since ~0.6 Ma indicates that the glacial-interglacial cycles have been the main force driving the evolution of the East Asian monsoon. As in the case of Chinese loess, the long-term evolution of the East Asian monsoon recorded in sediments of the South China Sea reflects a coupled effect of the glacial-interglacial cycle and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

超声辅助萃取-高效液相色谱法测定牛奶中9种β-内酰胺抗生素残留

 建立了一种采用超声辅助萃取-高效液相色谱法检测牛奶中9种β-内酰胺抗生素残留的方法.牛奶样品经过乙腈沉淀蛋白,磷酸盐缓冲溶液为提取液,20kHz超声处理5min,离心处理,固相萃取小柱净化,采用Agilent TC C18 (150mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,选用磷酸盐-甲醇作流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min,220nm检测,在22min内分离检测.方法可用于牛奶中上述抗生素残留的同时检测.     

基于TMR的FPGA单粒子加固试验探究

设计了一个可对基于静态随机存储器的现场可编程门阵列进行单粒子效应测试的系统.采用三模冗余和定时回读重配的方法对待测器件进行单粒子加固.测试电路为移位寄存器链,定时回读的间隔约为80 ms,测试时钟为10 MHz.在非辐照环境下先进行了单粒子翻转的仿真试验,获得系统基本参数后,在兰州中科院近代物理研究所进行了重离子单粒子效应辐照试验.试验芯片为商用FPGA,辐照试验增加单粒子闩锁监控,观察不同注量率下待测器件的加固效果.分析仿真试验与辐照试验结果,系统可正确实现加固与测试功能,也证明三模冗余技术结合回读重配方法能够提高FPGA芯片的单粒子加固能力.     

云黄连不同部位生物量及生物碱含量个体差异初探

以道地产区3个不同居群云黄连为研究材料,对不同单株不同部位(根茎、须根、叶)生物量及主要生物碱(小檗碱、药根碱、巴马汀)含量进行比较分析.结果表明:3个不同居群单株生物量及生物碱含量均存在较大个体差异,其中,单株根茎最稳定,叶次之,须根个体差异最大;作为非传统用药部位的叶和须根中的主要生物碱总量约占整株中将近1/3,可...     

AIFF MVA模式下像素尺寸对其特性的影响

近年来,液晶电视的需求呈现强劲的增长势头.多畴垂直取向（MVA）模式的液晶显示器（LCD）与其他显示模式的LCD相比,具有高对比度、宽视角及快速响应等特点,但需要制作昂贵且复杂的凸起结构以保证液晶分子的取向,因此如何避免制作凸起结构成为许多研究者的课题.为解决上述问题,采用新颖的增强边缘电场效应（AIFF）MVA技术,...     

Borel归约与Banach空间之间的有穷(M1/M2)嵌入

对一个可分的Banach空间X以及一个在0点满足△2条件的Orlicz函数M,考察了XN上的等价关系E(X,M):(x,y)∈E(X,M)(=)∑M(n∈N)(‖ y(n)-x(n)‖)＜∞,给出了E(X,M1)能够Borel归约到E(y,M2)的一个充分条件与一个必要条件.