电流强度对电渣重熔304不锈钢中夹杂物特征的影响

利用实验室规模电渣炉在大气气氛下重熔304不锈钢,考察了不同电流强度(1500、1800、2100A)下电渣锭中夹杂物的特征及全氧含量、硫含量变化,并对钢中硫化物的析出行为进行了热力学分析。结果表明,电渣重熔过程可以有效去除钢中的夹杂物,但随着电流强度的增大,电渣锭的全氧含量和硫含量增加,夹杂物数密度及尺寸增大,电渣锭的洁净度恶化。当电流强度较低(1500A)时,电渣锭中夹杂物主要是以氧化铝为核心、外表裹有硫化物的双层结构,未发现单个的(Mn,Cr)S夹杂;而1800A和2100A重熔时,电渣锭中不仅有以Al-Si-Ca-Ti-Cr-Mn氧化物为核心、外围包裹着(Mn,Cr)S的双层结构夹杂,而且由于电渣锭中硫含量高和凝固过程中残余液相中溶质的富集,其中还有单个(Mn,Cr)S夹杂物存在。本试验条件下,在1500A下重熔更有利于提高304不锈钢电渣锭的洁净度。     

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al<Subscript>3</Subscript>Ti/ADC12 composite modified with Sr

In this study, we investigated the effect of the addition of Sr (0wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, and 0.3wt%) on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al₃Ti/ADC12 composite by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy diffraction spectroscopy. The results reveal that the α-Al phases were nearly spherical and 40 μm in size and that the eutectic Si phases became round in the composite when the Sr content reached 0.2wt%. The Al₃Ti particles were distributed uniformly at the grain boundary. The results of the corrosion examination reveal that the Al₃Ti/ADC12 composite exhibited a minimum corrosion rate of 0.081 g·m–2·h–1 for an Sr content of 0.2wt%, which is two thirds of that of unmodified composite (0.134 g·m–2·h–1). This improved corrosion resistance was due to galvanic corrosion, which resulted from the low area ratio of the cathode to anode regions. This caused a low-density corrosion current in the composite, thereby yielding optimum corrosion resistance.     

Effect of Ce addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of A380 aluminum alloy prepared by squeeze-casting

The effect of cerium (Ce) addition on the eutectic Si, β-Al₅FeSi phase, and the tensile properties of A380 alloy specimens prepared by squeeze-casting were studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results showed that Ce more effectively modified the eutectic Si and refined the β-Al₅FeSi. The refinement effect significantly increased under a specific pressure of 100 MPa with the addition of Ce from 0.1wt% to 0.9wt%. In contrast, the average length and the aspect ratio of the eutectic Si and β-Al₅FeSi exhibited their optimal values when the content of the added Ce was greater than 0.5wt%. Needle-like Al8Cu4Ce was precipitated with the addition of excessive Ce; hence, the mechanical properties of A380 gradually decreased with increasing Ce content in the range from 0.3wt% to 0.9wt%.     

油田埋地碳钢管道外腐蚀行为研究

针对大庆油田龙虎泡作业区埋地碳钢管道外腐蚀较为严重的情况,通过检测埋管防护层破损点周围土壤的物理、化学性质和硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）数量,分析土壤的腐蚀性。采用扫描电镜能谱（SEM-EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）和红外光谱（IR）等技术对管道外壁腐蚀物的形貌、元素组成和矿物成分等进行了表征和分析。借助动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）进一步研究了埋地碳钢管道外壁在土壤浸出液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,作业区潮湿的盐碱性土壤环境和复杂多变的土壤性质使该地区埋地碳钢管道发生腐蚀;腐蚀产物主要包括Fe₃O₄和FeOOH,其中FeOOH位于外层,Fe₃O₄位于内层;腐蚀产物通过参与阴极反应或充当大阴极来加剧管道腐蚀。     

基于卡方核的正则化线性判别行人再识别算法

针对行人再识别过程中存在获取的训练样本较少,真实样本分布不一定线性可分和算法识别率低的问题,提出基于卡方核的正则化线性判别分析行人再识别算法(KRLDA,kemel regularized linear discriminant analysis)。该算法首先利用核函数将样本从线性不可分的原始空间映射到线性可分的高维特征空间,然后在高维空间中构造描述数据之间邻近关系的散度矩阵,再利用正则化线性判别分析获得高维到低维空间的投影矩阵,使得数据在低维空间能够保持高维空间的可分性,从而提升行人再识别算法的识别率。在VIPeR、iLIDS、CAVIAR和3DPeS数据集上,实验结果表明所提出的算法具有较高识别率。     

矿产资源型企业社会责任评价研究——以兖州煤业为例

近年来企业社会责任成为了全球热议的话题,学术界对于企业是否应当履行社会责任已经基本达成共识.矿产资源型企业不仅在经济发展中占据非常重要的地位,且易对资源环境协调发展产生牵制作用.我国矿产资源型企业社会责任评价研究起步较晚,还未形成具有普适性的评价指标体系.研究从契约型利益相关者和公众型利益相关者两个视角出发,运用SMART原则筛选出22项指标,结合层次分析法构建了矿产资源型企业社会责任评价体系,以兖州煤业年报数据作为样本进行实证分析,发现其企业社会责任履行情况呈W型变化.并进一步提出政府作为利益相关者、政策制定者和监管者,对于企业履行社会责任具有主推作用,且其他利益相关者在矿产资源开发利用中较易受到侵害,对他们的充分调动有助于形成合力,促进矿产资源型企业履行社会责任.     

一类带线性项非局部问题解的存在性与非存在性

研究了一类非局部问题,利用山路引理和变分方法,获得该类问题的一个正解和一个负解,充实了非局部问题解的存在性理论,补充了已有的研究内容.同时,利用变分法获得了该问题非平凡解不存在的结果.     

Morphology and quantitative analysis of O phase during heat treatment of hot-deformed Ti_2AlNb-based alloy

A 1040°C-hot-deformed Ti_2AlNb-based alloy solution-treated at 950°C and aged at different temperatures was quantitatively investigated. The microstructure, size of the phase, and microhardness of the deformed alloys were measured. The results indicated that the microstructure of the deformed Ti_2AlNb-based alloy specimens comprise coarse O lath, fine O lath, equiaxed O/α_2, and acicular O phase. More O phase was generated in the deformed alloy after heat treatment because the acicular O phase was more likely to nucleate and grow along the deformation-induced crystal defects such as dislocations and subgrain boundaries. After deformation and subsequent heat treatment, the acicular O phase of the resultant alloy became finer compared to that of the undeformed alloy, and the acicular O phase became coarser and longer with the elevated aging temperature, while the width of the O lath exhibited unobvious variations. The hot deformation facilitated the dissolution of the O lath but accelerated the precipitation of the acicular O phase. When the 950°C-solution-treated deformed Ti_2AlNb-based alloy was then aged at 750°C for different periods, the phase content was nearly invariable, O and B2 phases eventually reached equilibrium, and the microstructure became stable and homogeneous.     

Coupling effects of tungsten and molybdenum on microstructure and stressrupture properties of a nickel-base cast superalloy

In order to comprehensively understand the forming mechanism of abnormal phases solidified in a nickel-base cast superalloy with additives of tungsten and molybdenum, the coupling effects of W and Mo on the microstructure and stress-rupture properties were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the precipitation of primary α-(W, Mo) phase depended tremendously on the amount of W and Mo addition. When the total amount of W and Mo was greater than 5.79 at%, α-(W, Mo) phase became easily precipitated in the alloy.With increasing of Mo/W ratio, the dendrite-like α-(W, Mo) phases were apt to convert into small bars or blockylike phases at the vicinities of γ′/γ eutectic. The morphological changes of α-(W, Mo) phase can be interpreted as the non-equilibrium solidification of W and Mo in the alloy. Since the large sized α-(W, Mo) phase has detrimental effects on stress-rupture properties in as-cast conditions, secondary cracks may mainly initiate at and then propagate along the interfaces of brittle phases and soft matrix. During exposing at 1100 ℃ for 1000 h, the α-(W, Mo) phases transformed gradually into bigger and harder M_6C carbide, which results in decreasing of stress-rupture properties of the alloy. Finally, the alloy with an addition of 14W-1Mo(wt%) maintained the longest stress lives at high temperatures and therefore it revealed the best microstructure stability after 1100 ℃/1000 h thermal exposure.     

微小薄壁变形预测的迭代有限元法

将迭代有限元法引入微小薄壁铣削中,建立了变形量的预测模型,预测了不同径向切削深度、不同薄壁厚度时的铣削变形量大小,通过试验加工和Deform-3D仿真对模型进行了验证.结果表明:迭代有限元变形预测值与试验加工变形量较为接近;加工后的薄壁残余厚度大于理想状况下的加工厚度;最大变形量随壁厚的增大先保持最大值然后逐渐减小至0;薄壁厚度应当与切削参数相协调,调整工件刚度与切削力大小相适应,否则会导致变形量过大.