The metabolism of the soil fumigant 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in the rat

The soil fumigant 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (I) undergoes hydrolysis in the rat to a series of epoxide metabolites. Alkylation of glutathione by these epoxides produces 2 urinary metabolites identified as the mercapturic acids VI (R=COCH3) and VII (R-COCH3). Hydrolysis of the epoxides produces the male antifertility agents alpha-chlorohydrin (IX, X-Cl) and alpha-bromohydrin (IX, X-Br) which are oxidatively metabolized to oxalic acid (XII), thus causing renal damage. These metabolic pathways can explain the toxic nature of the fumigant as a carcinogen, a male chemosterilant and as an agent causing kidney damage.     

The metabolism of the soil fumigant 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in the rat

Summary The soil fumigant 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (I) undergoes hydrolysis in the rat to a series of epoxide metabolites. Alkylation of glutathione by these epoxides produces 2 urinary metabolites identified as the mercapturic acids VI (R=COCH₃) and VII (R=COCH₃). Hydrolysis of the epoxides produces the male antifertility agentsa-chlorohydrin (IX, X=Cl) anda-bromohydrin (IX, X=Br) which are oxidatively metabolized to oxalic acid (XII), thus causing renal damage. These metabolic pathways can explain the toxic nature of the fumigant as a carcinogen, a male chemosterilant and as an agent causing kidney damage.This work was supported in part by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.     

Carbon dioxide sensitivity of pulmonary receptors in the frog

Summary Pulmonary mechano-receptors have been found in the frog lung that are sensitive to CO₂ concentrations in the lungs and airways comparable to the physiological levels recorded in frogs. These results support the suggestion that a pulmonary receptor with distinct mechano- and chemosensitive properties may represent the functional precursor of the more specialized pulmonary receptor types which have evolved in birds and mammals.Supported by grants from N. R. C. C. and the Presidents Fund, University of British Columbia.     

The potency of male accessory gland material in the mosquito (Aedes aegypti)

Summary Injections of male accessory gland material fromAedes aegypti into the hemocoeles of virgin female mosquitoes indicate that the potency of the secretion is equivalent to the amount of semen which a male normally places within the female. This estimation is far less than had been previously calculated. It is suggested that the termmatrone for male accessory gland material is inappropriate since it does not convert a maid into a matron but prevents reinsemination of an impregnated female.Scientific Article No. A2098, Contribution No. 5054 of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station.     

The metabolism of tri-alkyl phosphates

Résumé Les tri-alkyl phosphates (I) sont metabolisées par mono-dealkylation produisant des di-alkyl phosphates (II) et les S-alkyl cysteines (III) relatives chez le rat et la souri.

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This work was supported by grants from the Ford Foundation and the Wellcome Trust.     

真实的逃离德黑兰

<正>在扣人心弦的惊悚片《逃离德黑兰》的最后场景里,7名伪装成一个电影摄制组的美国人,安全通过了3个护照检查站,千钧一发之际重新订好机票,并摆脱了跑道上伊朗革命卫队的追车……然而很少人知道,这部影片其实是根据1979年伊朗人质危机时期,美国中央情报局(CIA)如何安全护送6个被困美国使馆工作人员的真实故事改编。据美国中央情报局解禁的内部资料显示,真实的逃离行动要少很多惊心动魄的感觉。当他们拿着"6个加拿大人、1个欧洲人和1个拉美人"的假护照和签证,逃离伊朗登上瑞士航空的SR-363航班时,伊朗海关官员对德黑兰梅