陆地棉红株基因(R1)的精细定位

利用陆地棉遗传背景的海岛棉染色体16置换系材料Sub16和陆地棉多基因标记系T586创建了含1259个单株的F₂作图群体, 结合本实验室最新的栽培四倍体棉种种间分子遗传图谱上染色体16的标记信息, 利用分子标记技术, 对红株基因R₁进行精细定位. 在F₂分离群体中, 红株性状分离比符合孟德尔1:2:1的分离, 进一步证明该性状是由一不完全显性单基因控制. 利用JoinMap 3.0连锁分析软件, 使用含237个单株的F₂小群体完成红株基因R₁的初级定位, 进一步利用含1259个单株的F₂大群体将该基因精细定位在NAU4956和NAU6752之间, 与最近标记的遗传距离为0.49 cM. 研究结果为进一步克隆该基因及培育红色彩棉转基因品种提供了研究基础.     

Quantum tunnelling of the magnetization in a monolayer of oriented single-molecule magnets

A fundamental step towards atomic- or molecular-scale spintronic devices has recently been made by demonstrating that the spin of an individual atom deposited on a surface, or of a small paramagnetic molecule embedded in a nanojunction, can be externally controlled. An appealing next step is the extension of such a capability to the field of information storage, by taking advantage of the magnetic bistability and rich quantum behaviour of single-molecule magnets (SMMs). Recently, a proof of concept that the magnetic memory effect is retained when SMMs are chemically anchored to a metallic surface was provided. However, control of the nanoscale organization of these complex systems is required for SMMs to be integrated into molecular spintronic devices. Here we show that a preferential orientation of Fe(4) complexes on a gold surface can be achieved by chemical tailoring. As a result, the most striking quantum feature of SMMs-their stepped hysteresis loop, which results from resonant quantum tunnelling of the magnetization-can be clearly detected using synchrotron-based spectroscopic techniques. With the aid of multiple theoretical approaches, we relate the angular dependence of the quantum tunnelling resonances to the adsorption geometry, and demonstrate that molecules predominantly lie with their easy axes close to the surface normal. Our findings prove that the quantum spin dynamics can be observed in SMMs chemically grafted to surfaces, and offer a tool to reveal the organization of matter at the nanoscale.     

金属有机化学气相沉积薄膜制备中传热传质的数值模拟

建立水平式GaAs的金属有机化学气相沉积(metal-organic chemical vapor deposition,MOCVD)数学模型, 采用求解压力耦合方程的半隐式(SIMPLE)算法对反应气体流动进行二维数值模拟, 并基于边界层动量、热量与扩散传质的相关理论分析了薄膜制备过程中化学组分的输运, 以及反应前驱物与气相之间的传热过程. 计算所得的GaAs生长速率与实验结果吻合较好. 同时, 数值讨论了反应器进气流量、操作压力以及基底温度对GaAs生长速率的影响. 薄膜生长的速率峰值随入口气体速度的升高而有所增大, 但薄膜生长逐渐趋于不均匀性. 因此, 选取气流速度为0.104 m/s. 薄膜生长速率随着操作压力的增大而增大, 当压力为6 kPa时, GaAs生长速率较压力为2 kPa时提高了223%, 薄膜具有较好的生长速率和均匀性.基底温度对薄膜生长速率影响显著, 在1 050 K时薄膜有良好的生长速率和均匀性, GaAs生长速率比温度为950 K时提高了123%. 研究结果为优化MOCVD反应条件及其反应器的结构设计提供了理论依据.     

Three-way distances

In this paper, dissimilarity relations are defined on triples rather than on dyads. We give a definition of a three-way distance analogous to that of the ordinary two-way distance. It is shown, as a straightforward generalization, that it is possible to define three-way ultrametric, three-way star, and three-way Euclidean distances. Special attention is paid to a model called the semi-perimeter model. We construct new methods analogous to the existing ones for ordinary distances, for example: principal coordinates analysis, the generalized Prim (1957) algorithm, hierarchical cluster analysis.     

具有高代数免疫阶布尔函数的构造

在探讨密码学中布尔函数性质的基础上，提出了一个具有高代数免疫阶布尔函数的构造方法，利用这种方法可以构造出一类具有高代数免疫阶的布尔函数，并给出了一个实例。     

On a General Transformation Making a Dissimilarity Matrix Euclidean

When a dissimilarity matrix cannot be represented in a Euclidean space, it is possible to make it Euclidean by means of suitable transformations of the original dissimilarity values. In this paper we discuss some interesting properties of a class of transformations based on adding a specific squared Euclidean distance to the initial dissimilarity. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Emission-Based Scatter Correction in SPECT Imaging

Scatter correction in single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) has been focused on either using multiple-window acquisition technique or the scatter modeling technique in iterative image reconstruction.We propose a technique that uses only the emission data for scatter correction in SPECT.We assume that the scatter data can be approximated by convolving the primary data with a scatter kernel followed by the normalization using the scatter-to-primary ratio(SPR).Since the emission data is the superpo...     

Rendering Grass Blowing in the Wind with Global Illumination

We have simulated a time varying wind field using the lattice Boltzmann model, and its effect on blades of grass with a simple mass-spring model. We present a global illumination model for multiple scattering of incident sun and sky illumination within the field of grass. We model the grass as a continuous distribution of infinitesimal colored scattering flakes and solve a system of differential equations for the radiance transport. We repeat this for a collection of grass bending directions and amounts, an...     

广西崇左江州木榄山智人洞古人类遗址及其地质时代

关于现代智人起源的争论一直是国际古人类学研究的前沿与热点. 最近, 在广西崇左木榄山智人洞发现了具有现代人解剖特征初始状态的人类下颌骨化石及大量与之共生的哺乳动物化石. 木榄山智人洞哺乳动物群以江南象与初现的亚洲象及巨獏等组合为其特征, 截然不同于华南早更新世的巨猿动物群和中更新世的大熊猫-剑齿象动物群, 是典型亚洲象动物群的早期代表. 依动物群性质、地层对比及铀系年代测定木榄山化石智人和伴生的哺乳动物群的时代为距今约11万年的晚更新世早期. 该动物群主要由热带-亚热带型动物组成, 但木榄山动物群中森林型动物种类单调, 草地类型的动物相当多, 这表明当时的气候可能比以前干燥. 木榄山智人的发现对研究现代人起源及其环境背景具有非常重要的意义.