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31.
Superplastic carbon nanotubes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Huang JY Chen S Wang ZQ Kempa K Wang YM Jo SH Chen G Dresselhaus MS Ren ZF 《Nature》2006,439(7074):281
The theoretical maximum tensile strain--that is, elongation--of a single-walled carbon nanotube is almost 20%, but in practice only 6% is achieved. Here we show that, at high temperatures, individual single-walled carbon nanotubes can undergo superplastic deformation, becoming nearly 280% longer and 15 times narrower before breaking. This superplastic deformation is the result of the nucleation and motion of kinks in the structure, and could prove useful in helping to strengthen and toughen ceramics and other nanocomposites at high temperatures. 相似文献
32.
33.
Defects in whirlin,a PDZ domain molecule involved in stereocilia elongation,cause deafness in the whirler mouse and families with DFNB31 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
Mburu P Mustapha M Varela A Weil D El-Amraoui A Holme RH Rump A Hardisty RE Blanchard S Coimbra RS Perfettini I Parkinson N Mallon AM Glenister P Rogers MJ Paige AJ Moir L Clay J Rosenthal A Liu XZ Blanco G Steel KP Petit C Brown SD 《Nature genetics》2003,34(4):421-428
The whirler mouse mutant (wi) does not respond to sound stimuli, and detailed ultrastructural analysis of sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti of the inner ear indicates that the whirler gene encodes a protein involved in the elongation and maintenance of stereocilia in both inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs). BAC-mediated transgene correction of the mouse phenotype and mutation analysis identified the causative gene as encoding a novel PDZ protein called whirlin. The gene encoding whirlin also underlies the human autosomal recessive deafness locus DFNB31. In the mouse cochlea, whirlin is expressed in the sensory IHC and OHC stereocilia. Our findings suggest that this novel PDZ domain-containing molecule acts as an organizer of submembranous molecular complexes that control the coordinated actin polymerization and membrane growth of stereocilia. 相似文献
34.
Beum‐Jo Park 《Journal of forecasting》2002,21(5):381-393
Since volatility is perceived as an explicit measure of risk, financial economists have long been concerned with accurate measures and forecasts of future volatility and, undoubtedly, the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model has been widely used for doing so. It appears, however, from some empirical studies that the GARCH model tends to provide poor volatility forecasts in the presence of additive outliers. To overcome the forecasting limitation, this paper proposes a robust GARCH model (RGARCH) using least absolute deviation estimation and introduces a valuable estimation method from a practical point of view. Extensive Monte Carlo experiments substantiate our conjectures. As the magnitude of the outliers increases, the one‐step‐ahead forecasting performance of the RGARCH model has a more significant improvement in two forecast evaluation criteria over both the standard GARCH and random walk models. Strong evidence in favour of the RGARCH model over other competitive models is based on empirical application. By using a sample of two daily exchange rate series, we find that the out‐of‐sample volatility forecasts of the RGARCH model are apparently superior to those of other competitive models. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
35.
Sara Canato João D. Santos Ana S. Carvalho Kerman Aloria Margarida D. Amaral Rune Matthiesen André O. Falcao Carlos M. Farinha 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2018,75(24):4495-4509
Misfolded F508del-CFTR, the main molecular cause of the recessive disorder cystic fibrosis, is recognized by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control (ERQC) resulting in its retention and early degradation. The ERQC mechanisms rely mainly on molecular chaperones and on sorting motifs, whose presence and exposure determine CFTR retention or exit through the secretory pathway. Arginine-framed tripeptides (AFTs) are ER retention motifs shown to modulate CFTR retention. However, the interactions and regulatory pathways involved in this process are still largely unknown. Here, we used proteomic interaction profiling and global bioinformatic analysis to identify factors that interact differentially with F508del-CFTR and F508del-CFTR without AFTs (F508del-4RK-CFTR) as putative regulators of this specific ERQC checkpoint. Using LC–MS/MS, we identified kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1) as a stronger interactor with F508del-CFTR versus F508del-4RK-CFTR. We further validated this interaction showing that decreasing KIFC1 levels or activity stabilizes the immature form of F508del-CFTR by reducing its degradation. We conclude that the current approach is able to identify novel putative therapeutic targets that can be ultimately used to the benefit of CF patients. 相似文献
36.
Anske Van den Abbeele Sarah De Clercq Ariane De Ganck Veerle De Corte Berlinda Van Loo Sameh Hamdy Soror Vasundara Srinivasan Jan Steyaert Joël Vandekerckhove Jan Gettemans 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(9):1519-1535
RNA interference has tremendously advanced our understanding of gene function but recent reports have exposed undesirable
side-effects. Recombinant Camelid single-domain antibodies (VHHs) provide an attractive means for studying protein function without affecting gene expression.
We raised VHHs against gelsolin (GsnVHHs), a multifunctional actin-binding protein that controls cellular actin organization
and migration. GsnVHH-induced delocalization of gelsolin to mitochondria or the nucleus in mammalian cells reveals distinct
subpopulations including free gelsolin and actin-bound gelsolin complexes. GsnVHH 13 specifically recognizes Ca2+-activated gelsolin (K
d ~10 nM) while GsnVHH 11 binds gelsolin irrespective of Ca2+ (K
d ~5 nM) but completely blocks its interaction with G-actin. Both GsnVHHs trace gelsolin in membrane ruffles of EGF-stimulated
MCF-7 cells and delay cell migration without affecting F-actin severing/capping or actin nucleation activities by gelsolin.
We conclude that VHHs represent a potent way of blocking structural proteins and that actin nucleation by gelsolin is more
complex than previously anticipated. 相似文献
37.
38.
Gerardo?Carranza Raquel?Casta?o Mónica?L.?Fanarraga Juan?Carlos?Villegas Jo?o?Gon?alves Jesus?Avila Marco?Marenchino Ramón?Campos-Olivas Guillermo?Montoya Juan?Carlos?ZabalaEmail author 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2013,70(2):357-371
Tubulin cofactors (TBCs) participate in the folding, dimerization, and dissociation pathways of the tubulin dimer. Among them, TBCB and TBCE are two CAP-Gly domain-containing proteins that together efficiently interact with and dissociate the tubulin dimer. In the study reported here we showed that TBCB localizes at spindle and midzone microtubules during mitosis. Furthermore, the motif DEI/M-COO? present in TBCB, which is similar to the EEY/F-COO? element characteristic of EB proteins, CLIP-170, and α-tubulin, is required for TBCE–TBCB heterodimer formation and thus for tubulin dimer dissociation. This motif is responsible for TBCB autoinhibition, and our analysis suggests that TBCB is a monomer in solution. Mutants of TBCB lacking this motif are derepressed and induce microtubule depolymerization through an interaction with EB1 associated with microtubule tips. TBCB is also able to bind to the chaperonin complex CCT containing α-tubulin, suggesting that it could escort tubulin to facilitate its folding and dimerization, recycling or degradation. 相似文献
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40.
Similar response of labile and resistant soil organic matter pools to changes in temperature 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Our understanding of the relationship between the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) and soil temperature affects our predictions of the impact of climate change on soil-stored carbon. One current opinion is that the decomposition of soil labile carbon is sensitive to temperature variation whereas resistant components are insensitive. The resistant carbon or organic matter in mineral soil is then assumed to be unresponsive to global warming. But the global pattern and magnitude of the predicted future soil carbon stock will mainly rely on the temperature sensitivity of these resistant carbon pools. To investigate this sensitivity, we have incubated soils under changing temperature. Here we report that SOM decomposition or soil basal respiration rate was significantly affected by changes in SOM components associated with soil depth, sampling method and incubation time. We find, however, that the temperature sensitivity for SOM decomposition was not affected, suggesting that the temperature sensitivity for resistant organic matter pools does not differ significantly from that of labile pools, and that both types of SOM will therefore respond similarly to global warming. 相似文献