松质骨孔隙率的二维光电检测

采用二维光电检测方法研究松质骨孔隙率沿不同方向的分布规律。新鲜猪胫骨后肢松质骨制备成36张切片并均分成两组：一组为沿胫骨轴向的横切切片，另一组为垂真于胫骨轴向的纵切切片。经光镜观察和图像分析，计算出每张松质骨切片表面的总面积、骨基质的面积、孔隙的面积及该松质骨切片的孔隙率。测试结果表明：松质骨孔隙率在轴向沿靠近密质骨的方向逐渐减小，在垂直于胫骨轴向方向基本不变；松质骨可看作是横观各向同性材料；如果切片数据足够多，采用二维光电检测方法，能较为准确地测试出松质骨孔隙率沿不同方向的分布规律。     

HC600a含油混合物水平微肋管内冷凝换热特性试验

实验研究了环保替代制冷工质HC600a和润滑油Suniso 3GS的混合物在水平微肋管内的冷凝换热特性，探索了含油率、饱和压力和质量流量对冷凝换热的影响。根据实验结果拟合的冷凝换热关系式较好地反映了该工质的换热特性。通过与其它工质的比较，可以得出结论：制冷工质HC600不但对臭氧层无破坏作用，而且传热特性优于CFC12及HCFC134a，是一种很有前途的替代制冷工质。     

企业资源计划与数据仓库

传统的ERP系统属于典型的联机事务处理系统，它只是为企业决策层及员工提供了一个决策运行手段的管理平台，而不能直接提供满足决策所需的信息，即传统的ERP系统是很好的一个后台管理系统，而企业发展需要其同时具有前台管理功能，因而传统的ERP系统具有一定的局限性。而集成数据仓库的ERP系统则可以很好地实现这一功能转变，弥补传统ERP系统的局限性。与ERP系统以体系化结构方式集成的数据仓库能够在ERP系统运行过程中采集数据进行分析，并能将样本数据和分析结果存入数据仓库以便用户查询使用，帮助用户发现ERP系统积累的数据的潜在价值，进而帮助企业建立长久、广泛的竞争优势。     

中国经济增长与金融发展关联性的实证分析

应用多变量（向量自回归）方法，依据中国改革20年来的相关宏观经济数据，其中包括宏观经济指标中的国内生产总值、国有及非国有部门年生产总值、固定资产投资额及金融发展指标中的金融相关率、实际利率等。对中国的金融发展与经济增长关系进行了实证分析，得出了中国的金融发展对GDP增长具有显著的促进作用。但GDP的增长并不促进金融发展的结论。     

虚拟仪器技术在电磁环境测试系统中的应用

电磁环境测试是无线电管理部门批准设台和指配使用频率的技术依据。为了减轻测试人员的工作强度，提高测试工作的效率和准确率，改变以前无法获取测试数据，只能依靠打印频谱图轮出测试数据的落后局面，在VB平台下，开发基于虚拟仪器技术（VISA和SCPI）的自动测试系统应用软件，实现HP E7405A EMC分析仪的数据采集、传输、处理等自动控制功能，建立电磁环境测试数据库文件，方便存档、查询，利于测试数据的共享、交换和处理。测试频谱曲线与人工测试结果基本相同。     

An outlier robust GARCH model and forecasting volatility of exchange rate returns

Since volatility is perceived as an explicit measure of risk, financial economists have long been concerned with accurate measures and forecasts of future volatility and, undoubtedly, the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model has been widely used for doing so. It appears, however, from some empirical studies that the GARCH model tends to provide poor volatility forecasts in the presence of additive outliers. To overcome the forecasting limitation, this paper proposes a robust GARCH model (RGARCH) using least absolute deviation estimation and introduces a valuable estimation method from a practical point of view. Extensive Monte Carlo experiments substantiate our conjectures. As the magnitude of the outliers increases, the one‐step‐ahead forecasting performance of the RGARCH model has a more significant improvement in two forecast evaluation criteria over both the standard GARCH and random walk models. Strong evidence in favour of the RGARCH model over other competitive models is based on empirical application. By using a sample of two daily exchange rate series, we find that the out‐of‐sample volatility forecasts of the RGARCH model are apparently superior to those of other competitive models. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dielectric properties, electrical modulus and current transport mechanisms of Au/ZnO/n-Si structures

Au/Zn O/n-Si(MIS)structures were fabricated by using the RF sputtering method and their complex dielectric constant(ε~*=ε’-jε’’),electric modulus(M~*=M′+j M’’)and electrical conductivity(σ=σ_(dc)+σ_(ac))values were investigated as a function of frequency(0.7 k Hz-1 MHz)and voltage(-6–(+6 V))by capacitance-voltage(C-V)and conductance-voltage(G/ω-V)measurements to get more information on the conduction mechanisms and formation of barrier height between Au and n-Si.The lnσ-Lnf plots have two different regions corresponding to low-intermediate and high frequencies.Such behavior of lnσ-lnf plots shows that the existence of two different conduction mechanisms(CMs)at low-intermediate and high frequencies.Moreover,the reverse bias saturation current(I_o),ideality factor(n),barrier height(Φ_(Bo))were determined from the forward bias I-V data and they were found as a strong function of temperature.The value of n especially at low temperature is considerably higher than unity.The values ofΦ_(B0)and standard deviation(σ_s)were found from the intercept and slope ofΦ_(Bo)-q/2k T plots as 0.551 e V and 0.075 V for the region I(80–220 K)and 1.126 e V and 0.053 V for the region II(220–400 K),respectively.The values ofΦ_(Bo)and effective Richardson constant(A~*)were found from slope and intercept of activation energy plots as 0.564 e V and 101.084 Acm~(-2)K~(-2)for the region I and 1.136 e V and41.87 Acm~(-2)K~(-2)for the region II,respectively.These results confirm that the current-voltage-temperature(I-V-T)characteristics of the fabricated Au/Zn O/n-Si SBDs can satisfactorily be explained on the basis of TE theory with double GD of the BHs.     

Sorting nexin 3 mutation impairs development and neuronal function in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Caenorhabditis elegans</Emphasis>

The sorting nexins family of proteins (SNXs) plays pleiotropic functions in protein trafficking and intracellular signaling and has been associated with several disorders, namely Alzheimer’s disease and Down’s syndrome. Despite the growing association of SNXs with neurodegeneration, not much is known about their function in the nervous system. The aim of this work was to use the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that encodes in its genome eight SNXs orthologs, to dissect the role of distinct SNXs, particularly in the nervous system. By screening the C. elegans SNXs deletion mutants for morphological, developmental and behavioral alterations, we show here that snx-3 gene mutation leads to an array of developmental defects, such as delayed hatching, decreased brood size and life span and reduced body length. Additionally, ?snx-3 worms present increased susceptibility to osmotic, thermo and oxidative stress and distinct behavioral deficits, namely, a chemotaxis defect which is independent of the described snx-3 role in Wnt secretion. ?snx-3 animals also display abnormal GABAergic neuronal architecture and wiring and altered AIY interneuron structure. Pan-neuronal expression of C. elegans snx-3 cDNA in the ?snx-3 mutant is able to rescue its locomotion defects, as well as its chemotaxis toward isoamyl alcohol. Altogether, the present work provides the first in vivo evidence of the SNX-3 role in the nervous system.     

Proteomic interaction profiling reveals KIFC1 as a factor involved in early targeting of F508del-CFTR to degradation

Misfolded F508del-CFTR, the main molecular cause of the recessive disorder cystic fibrosis, is recognized by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control (ERQC) resulting in its retention and early degradation. The ERQC mechanisms rely mainly on molecular chaperones and on sorting motifs, whose presence and exposure determine CFTR retention or exit through the secretory pathway. Arginine-framed tripeptides (AFTs) are ER retention motifs shown to modulate CFTR retention. However, the interactions and regulatory pathways involved in this process are still largely unknown. Here, we used proteomic interaction profiling and global bioinformatic analysis to identify factors that interact differentially with F508del-CFTR and F508del-CFTR without AFTs (F508del-4RK-CFTR) as putative regulators of this specific ERQC checkpoint. Using LC–MS/MS, we identified kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1) as a stronger interactor with F508del-CFTR versus F508del-4RK-CFTR. We further validated this interaction showing that decreasing KIFC1 levels or activity stabilizes the immature form of F508del-CFTR by reducing its degradation. We conclude that the current approach is able to identify novel putative therapeutic targets that can be ultimately used to the benefit of CF patients.     

Helminths of some tree frogs of the families Hylidae and Phyllomedusidae in an Atlantic rainforest fragment,Brazil

Despite the fact that Brazil is the most-studied country regarding helminths of amphibians, only around 8% of Brazilian anurans have had at least one study made of their helminth fauna. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the helminth community of nine species of Atlantic Rainforest anurans of two different families, eight of them with no previous study, and six of which are endemic to Brazil. The analysed hosts for their parasites were: Dendropsophus minutus (n = 48), Scinax auratus (n = 36), D. branneri (n = 33), D. elegans (n = 26), Hypsiboas albomarginatus (n = 22), Pithecopus nordestinus (n = 19), D. decipiens (n = 12), D. haddadi (n = 11) and S. x-signatus (n = 11). A total of 781 helminths were collected from 106 (48.6%) of 218 analysed hosts, 656 Centrorhyncus sp. cystacanths and 125 nematodes: 76 adults (25 Cosmocerca sp.; three Cosmocerceidae gen. sp.; 20 Cosmocerca parva, 20 Cosmocercella phyllomedusae, five Aplectana sp., two Oswaldocruzia sp. and one Rhabdias sp.), 43 encysted larvae (nine Porrocaecum sp. and 34 Brevimulticaecum sp.) and six Physaloptera sp. larvae. Anurans may display many roles within the helminth life cycles, as they act as both predator and prey to a wide variety of animals. Consequently, we have found helminths that use anurans as definitive, intermediate and paratenic hosts. Opposing other surveys in which nematodes are the most prevalent and abundant parasites, acanthocephalans were the most prevalent taxa. These findings highlight the lack of knowledge regarding the helminth fauna of anurans and reveal many gaps with respect to their infection patterns in amphibians.