The mechanism for the self-adaptation behavior in the evolutionary minority game model

In this paper, we shall present our studies of a generalized evolutionary minority game model in which the agents are divided into several groups. The performance of the individual agent is averaged in each group. We find that there are three different effects in this generalized model, i.e.(1) group averaging effect, (2) left-right asymmetric effect, and (3) self-interaction effect. The former two effects favor the cautious agents, while the last one favors the extreme agents. In most cases, both the analytic results and the numericul simulations demonstrate that the group averaging effect is dominantly important and therefore the performance of the cautious agents is better than that of the extreme agents. However, when the number of groups is sufficiently large, the generalized model can be somehow reduced to the conventional evolutionary minority game model. As the parameters vary in the generalized model, the importance of the above three effects is exchangeable and different types of population distribution emerge.     

SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age of the Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion and its geological significance

The Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion is located in the Longshoushan Uplift on the southwestern margin of the Alxa Block, to the north of the Northern Qilian Orogenic Belt (Fig.1). It is broadly dyke-like, and was intruded into a Paleoproterozoic sequence of migmatites, gneisses and marbles (Baijiazhuizi Formation). The intrusion is northwest-elongated, -6500 m long and 20-527 m wide, and     

Tuning the lowest excited- states of platinum (Ⅱ) terpyridyl acetylide complex bearing azacrown moiety: Stimulated by transition metal ions

The development of molecular sensor with high stability and sensitivity has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Of particular interest lies in the molecules which show dramatic color changes in the visible or infrared regions upon exposure to specific substrates. In general, host molecule can selectively recognize the specific guest molecules at their receptor site and produce a measurable change. A number of organic molecular sen     

The forecast of seasonal precipitation trend at the north Helan Mountain and Baiyinaobao regions,Inner Mongolia for the next 20 years

By using Caterpillar-SSA analysis method, through the process of embedding, singular value decomposition, grouping and diagonal averaging, the seasonal precipitation trend at north Helan Mountain and Baiyinaobo regions, Inner Mongolia for the next 20 years is forecasted. The results show an increasing precipitation trend from 1992 to 2004. In the subsequent decade the precipitation should reduce quickly, and it will reach a minimum near 2012 to 2014 in both regions. The drought caused by the decrease of the precipitation from May to July in the north Helan Mountain area during the period of 2013-2014 is probably quite similar to that around 1929. Further, the period of precipitation gradual increase follows in the researched regions.     

Reconstruction of May—July precipitation in the north Helan Mountain, Inner Mongolia since A.D. 1726 from tree-ring late-wood widths

Inrecentyears,greatprogressofdendroclimatologystudyhasbeenmadeinChina,andlotsofvaluabledatahavebeenobtained.Theclimaticfactors,suchastem-perature,precipitation,etc.,havebeenreconstructedonthebasisoftree-ringdataforthepastseveralcenturies[1—5].Thesedatahaveplayed(orwillplay)animportantroleinbothregionalandglobalchangeresearches[6].Sofar,however,tree-ringdatafromtheboundaryofthedeserttoloessareainnorthwestChinaaresparse[7].Thisstudywillusethetree-ringdataintermsofthestatisticalmethodtoreconstr…     

Quantitative structure activity relationship and toxicity mechanisms of chlorophenols on cells <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazd-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylentrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay was used to investigate the acute toxicity of 8 different chlorophenols (CPs) on rat connective tissue fibroblast L929 cells and human liver cancer HepG2 cells. Combined with the data from Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) approach of CPs by using the octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow),an effective model was deduced to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these chemicals. Furthermore, the relationship between the structures of CPs and their cytotoxicity was proposed.The results show that 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP),2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP),2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and 2,3,4-trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP) induced apoptosis, whereas, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,5,6-TeCP) and pentachlorophenl (PCP) demonstrated more characteristic of necrosis than apoptosis.These results establish a good experimental base both for developing the comparative evaluation of toxicity of CPs in vitro and for elucidating the toxicity mechanisms of them.     

Structural conversion and intramolecular electron transfer in ferrocenylanthraquinones triggered by Keggin type of heteropoly acid serving as proton source

Intramolecular electron transfer triggered by proton and the mechanism of structural conversion in a ethynylene-bridged ferrocene-anthraquinone organic electron donor(D)-acceptor(A) π-conjugated system (1-FcAq) in the presence of a Keggin type heteropoly acid as proton source are discussed.Heteropoly acids can stabilize the protonated ethynylene-bridged ferrocene-anthraquinone conjugated complex,and the stable protonated complex has been isolated in air and characterized by elemental analyses,IR,IH NMR,and CV.Upon the inducement of proton, electron transfer from ferrocene moiety (Fc) to anthraquinone moiety (Aq) causes the rearrangement of the conjugated system to create a fulvene-cumulene structuere.     

Adenovirus-mediated<Emphasis Type="Italic">CTLA4-FasL</Emphasis> gene transfer prevents autoimmune diabetes in mice induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin

Type 1 diabetes is the result of a selective destruction of insulin-producing β cells in pancreatic islets by autoreactive T cells. Depletion of autoreactive T cell through apoptosis may be a potential strategy for the prevention of autoimmune diabetes. Simultaneous stimulation of Fas-mediated pathway and blockade of costimulation by a CTLA4-FasL fusion protein has been reported to lead to substantial inhibition of mixed lymphocyte reaction and enhanced in vitro apoptosis of peripheral lymphocytes. To test the feasibility of CTLA4-FasL-based gene therapy to prevent autoimmune diabetes, we developed recombinant adenovirus containing human CTLA4-FasL gene (AdCTLA4-FasL). A single injection of 2×10~8 plaque forming units (PFU) of AdCTLA4-FasL via tail vein dramatically reduced the incidence of autoimmune diabetes in mice induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin. AdCTLA4-FasL administration maintained islet insulin content, significantly increased apoptosis of pancreatic lymphocytes, quantitatively     

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of new hybrid open-framework indium phosphate-oxalates

Crystalline open-framework inorganic materials have been widely studied because of the wide variety of the structures as well as their applications in heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption and ion exchange[1,2]. Of many open-framework solids, metal phosphates are an important family of materials, a large number of aluminum phos-phates[3,4], gallium phosphates[5—7], zinc phosphates[8—10], cobalt phosphate[11], beryllium phosphates[12—14] have been prepared and characterized. Recently, open-fra…