考虑吸湿和脱湿影响的一维降雨入渗数值模拟

在分析非饱和渗流时,土水特征曲线(SWCC)起着至关重要的作用.吸湿和脱湿条件下的土水特征曲线存在显著的滞后现象,对降雨入渗土体中孔隙水压力的分布有明显影响.采用两种计算模型,运用吸湿和脱湿条件下的土水特征曲线,对一维降雨入渗土体非饱和-饱和-非饱和全过程进行数值模拟,对比分析了计算模型以及吸湿和脱湿,对降雨入渗过程中土体的孔隙水压力分布的影响.     

薄壁轴向微沟槽铜管高速旋压成形数值模拟

本文利用有限元分析软件MARC对薄壁轴向微沟槽铜管钢球高速旋压成形过程进行模拟,建立了简化的1/4旋转对称模型,并采用了更新拉格朗日算法和全局网格重划分技术,成功解决了模拟过程中的网格穿透和收敛问题.对薄壁微沟槽铜管的成形特征和残余应力、等效应力应变的分布规律进行了分析.结果表明,成形过程中,金属会出现回弹效应并由此产生凹口等缺陷;等效应力应变及三向应力应变沿轴向呈层状分布,表层应力超过材料应力极限导致铜屑产生,且易出现断管现象;沟槽底部的等效应力应变和残余应力大于齿顶与外表面.过大的残余应力容易造成材料脆化,进而产生粗糙形貌.该研究对优化成形工艺参数,抑制缺陷产生有着重要意义.     

新型造纸原料洋麻的硫酸盐法制浆及ECF漂白

以洋麻为研究对象,分析了洋麻的化学成分,研究了不同H因子下硫酸盐法制浆(KP)的较优工艺,以及KP浆的ECF漂白性能及较优的漂白工艺.结果表明:洋麻的硝酸-乙醇纤维素含量为45.00%,酸不溶木素含量为16.50%,聚戊糖和抽出物含量均较低,是优良的造纸用原料;KP法蒸煮较优的制浆工艺为H因子1000、活性碱用量20%、硫化度22%,该工艺下细浆得率达44.9%、卡伯值为20.4、残碱质量浓度为11.67 g/L;ECF漂白的较优ODED漂白工艺为OD0,2%EpD1,1.5%,该工艺条件下终漂浆白度可达82.3%ISO.     

科学设置与实施高专创业教育课程体系

大学生创业教育课程是一门实践性和操作性都很强的课程,在整个创业教育中起到非常关键的作用,如何设计好创业教育的课程体系并把它付诸实施是时下各大专院校非常关注的问题,本文在设计创业教育课程体系的基础上,进一步提出一些相关的实施意见。     

Fast method for spreading sequence estimation of DSSS signal based on maximum likelihood function

To estimate the spreading sequence of the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal, a fast algorithm based on maximum likelihood function is proposed, and the theoretical derivation of the algorithm is provided. By simplifying the objective function of maximum likelihood estimation, the algorithm can realize sequence synchronization and sequence estimation via adaptive iteration and sliding window.since it avoids the correlation matrix computation, the algorithm significantly reduces the storage requirement and the computation complexity. Simulations show that it is a fast convergent algorithm, and can perform well in low signal to noise ratio (SNR).     

Coordinated Bayesian optimal approach for the integrated decision between electronic countermeasure and firepower attack

The coordinated Bayesian optimization algorithm (CBOA) is proposed according to the characteristics of the function independence, conformity and supplementary between the electronic countermeasure (ECM) and the firepower attack systems. The selection criteria are combinations of probabilities of individual fitness and coordinated degree and can select choiceness individual to construct Bayesian network that manifest population evolution by producing the new chromosome. Thus the CBOA cannot only guarantee the effective pattern coordinated decision-making mechanism between the populations, but also maintain the population multiplicity, and enhance the algorithm performance. The simulation result confirms the algorithm validity.     

一种基于形状文法的产品设计DNA推理方法

为在较短周期内产生系列化设计方案并保持品牌风格的继承性,提出了基于形状文法的产品设计DNA推理方法.将显性特征作为初始形状,并通过样本收集、专家访谈、设计形态分析3个步骤进行提取.形状规则分为生成性规则和修改性规则,对应遗传和变异.进一步提出生成性规则为产品造型特征的添加和置换,修改性规则为仿射变换和贝塞尔曲线变换,同时指出具体形状规则应根据产品造型特征与感性意象之间的匹配关系以及约束规则加以确定.最后以摩托罗拉手机改款设计为例,用语意差异法检验设计方案.结果表明:分别有88%和71%的受试者认为新设计方案"符合原有品牌风格"、"具有运动感",基本满足设计要求,从而验证了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

Precise orbit determination for geostationary satellites with multiple tracking techniques

A new precise orbit determination (POD) strategy based on the combination of satellite laser ranging (SLR) and C-band transfer ranging for geostationary satellites (GEO) is presented.Two approaches to calibrate ranging biases of the C-band ranging system are proposed,namely the two tracking system co-location comparison and the combined POD method,with calibration accuracies estimated to be 0.5 ns and 1 ns respectively.Using data from a C-band tracking network in China,POD experiments indicate that meter-le...     

Variability and reduction of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing and its surrounding area during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Network was established by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The goals of the network were to monitor and provide warnings of the atmospheric quality in Beijing and its surrounding area during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The results showed that the atmospheric complex pollution exhibited high concentrations of ozone and fine particles and oxidation in summer, with a ubiquitous regional source. The regional mean concentrations of SO₂, PM_2.5, NO₂, and O_{3_8h max} (the maximum daily 8 h mean) and O_x were 22±11, 90±40, 25±5, 136±35 and 112±21 μg/m³ in summer, respectively. During the Olympic Games, the mean concentration of SO₂, PM_2.5, NO_{2, O3_8h} max, and O_x were 12.5±4, 56±28, 23±4, 114±29, 95±17 μg/m³ in the region, respectively, and fell by 51.0%, 43.7%, 13%, 20.2%, and 18.9%, respectively, compared to the prophase mean before the Olympic Games. The concentration of atmospheric pollutants declined significantly and achieved the “Green Olympics” control goal of air quality. After the Olympic Games, SO₂, PM_2.5 and NO_x increased significantly as the temporary atmospheric pollution control measures were terminated.     

Realtime robust speech communication based on iterative joint source-channel decoding and demodulation algorithm for MELP vocoder

Realtime speech communications require high efficient compression algorithms to encode speech signals. As the compressed speech parameters are highly sensitive to transmission errors, robust source and channel decoding and demodulation schemes are both important and of practical use. In this paper, an iterative joint source-channel decoding and demodulation algorithm is proposed for mixed excited linear prediction (MELP) vocoder by both exploiting the residual redundancy and passing soft information throughout the receiver while introducing systematic global iteration process to further enhance the performance. Being fully compatible with existing transmitter structure, the proposed algorithm does not introduce additional bandwidth expansion and transmission delay. Simulations show substantial error correcting performance and synthesized speech quality improvement over conventional separate designed systems in delay and bandwidth constraint channels by using the joint source-channel decoding and demodulation (JSCCM) algorithm.