基于16S rRNA和16S-23S rRNA基因间隔区序列探讨陆生和水生螺原体菌株的系统发生关系

采集江苏省养殖池塘内发病的中华绒螯蟹、克氏原螯虾和南美白对虾,利用已有螺原体16S rRNA和23S rRNA基因序列保守引物扩增并测序16S rRNA和16S-23S rRNA基因间隔区序列(ISRs).基于已获得的序列和GenBank中下载的螺原体序列分别进行同源性比对,比对的结果分别利用PAUP软件和MrBaye...     

单臂氮氧自由基-抗磁金属Cd(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、结构和磁性研究

采用吡啶取代的单臂氮氧自由基与抗磁金属Cd(Ⅱ)进行配位,得到了一个新的单核配合物[Cd(1M4Py)3(OCN)2·2H2O](其中IM4Py=2-(4'-吡啶基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑啉-1-氧基自由基).单晶X-射线衍射结果表明,配合物属四方晶系,I4(1)/a空间群;晶胞参数a=1 443 9(3)nm,...     

纳米CaCO3 对物理老化前后PC/PS性能的影响

 通过差示扫描量热法和动态力学分析对PC/PS/纳米CaCO3和PC/PS/包覆纳米CaCO3复合材料物理老化前后PS相的玻璃化转变、β松弛及动态力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：纳米CaCO3有利于PS相的分子链段松弛运动,PC/PS/纳米CaCO3复合材料PS相的Tg、损耗模量峰温和β松弛温度下降;包覆纳米CaCO3增加相界面间相互作用,PC/PS/包覆纳米CaCO3复合材料PS相的Tg、β松弛温度、储存模量和损耗模量峰温均较PC/PS/纳米CaCO3提高。随着物理老化时间的延长,PC/PS及复合材料PS相的Tg和β松弛温度提高,松弛热焓ΔH增加,其中,PC/PS/包覆纳米CaCO3的提高幅度较小。物理老化使得PC/PS/纳米CaCO3的存储模量提高。     

200MW汽轮机组高-中压转子联轴器对中铰孔

200 MW机组常采用两转子三支点的支承方式,并采用带止口的刚性联轴器。该联轴器止口磨损后,间隙变大。联轴器销子在反复拆装后,销孔和销子也容易磨损和拉伤,破坏了配合尺寸,使联轴器圆周对中不好,导致运行时机组发生振动。文章通过对一次实践操作过程的描述和总结,全面介绍了该工艺过程,对今后处理类似缺陷具有指导意义。     

200MW汽轮机组高-中压转子联轴器对中铰孔

200 MW机组常采用两转子三支点的支承方式,并采用带止口的刚性联轴器.该联轴器止口磨损后,间隙变大.联轴器销子在反复拆装后,销孔和销子也容易磨损和拉伤,破坏了配合尺寸,使联轴器圆周对中不好,导致运行时机组发生振动.文章通过对一次实践操作过程的描述和总结,全面介绍了该工艺过程,对今后处理类似缺陷具有指导意义.     

Observed increase in local cooling effect of deforestation at higher latitudes

Deforestation in mid- to high latitudes is hypothesized to have the potential to cool the Earth's surface by altering biophysical processes. In climate models of continental-scale land clearing, the cooling is triggered by increases in surface albedo and is reinforced by a land albedo-sea ice feedback. This feedback is crucial in the model predictions; without it other biophysical processes may overwhelm the albedo effect to generate warming instead. Ongoing land-use activities, such as land management for climate mitigation, are occurring at local scales (hectares) presumably too small to generate the feedback, and it is not known whether the intrinsic biophysical mechanism on its own can change the surface temperature in a consistent manner. Nor has the effect of deforestation on climate been demonstrated over large areas from direct observations. Here we show that surface air temperature is lower in open land than in nearby forested land. The effect is 0.85 ± 0.44 K (mean ± one standard deviation) northwards of 45° N and 0.21 ± 0.53 K southwards. Below 35° N there is weak evidence that deforestation leads to warming. Results are based on comparisons of temperature at forested eddy covariance towers in the USA and Canada and, as a proxy for small areas of cleared land, nearby surface weather stations. Night-time temperature changes unrelated to changes in surface albedo are an important contributor to the overall cooling effect. The observed latitudinal dependence is consistent with theoretical expectation of changes in energy loss from convection and radiation across latitudes in both the daytime and night-time phase of the diurnal cycle, the latter of which remains uncertain in climate models.     

Comprehensive analysis of the chromatin landscape in Drosophila melanogaster

Chromatin is composed of DNA and a variety of modified histones and non-histone proteins, which have an impact on cell differentiation, gene regulation and other key cellular processes. Here we present a genome-wide chromatin landscape for Drosophila melanogaster based on eighteen histone modifications, summarized by nine prevalent combinatorial patterns. Integrative analysis with other data (non-histone chromatin proteins, DNase I hypersensitivity, GRO-Seq reads produced by engaged polymerase, short/long RNA products) reveals discrete characteristics of chromosomes, genes, regulatory elements and other functional domains. We find that active genes display distinct chromatin signatures that are correlated with disparate gene lengths, exon patterns, regulatory functions and genomic contexts. We also demonstrate a diversity of signatures among Polycomb targets that include a subset with paused polymerase. This systematic profiling and integrative analysis of chromatin signatures provides insights into how genomic elements are regulated, and will serve as a resource for future experimental investigations of genome structure and function.     

PDGF signalling controls age-dependent proliferation in pancreatic β-cells

Determining the signalling pathways that direct tissue expansion is a principal goal of regenerative biology. Vigorous pancreatic β-cell replication in juvenile mice and humans declines with age, and elucidating the basis for this decay may reveal strategies for inducing β-cell expansion, a long-sought goal for diabetes therapy. Here we show that platelet-derived growth factor receptor (Pdgfr) signalling controls age-dependent β-cell proliferation in mouse and human pancreatic islets. With age, declining β-cell Pdgfr levels were accompanied by reductions in β-cell enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (Ezh2) levels and β-cell replication. Conditional inactivation of the Pdgfra gene in β-cells accelerated these changes, preventing mouse neonatal β-cell expansion and adult β-cell regeneration. Targeted human PDGFR-α activation in mouse β-cells stimulated Erk1/2 phosphorylation, leading to Ezh2-dependent expansion of adult β-cells. Adult human islets lack PDGF signalling competence, but exposure of juvenile human islets to PDGF-AA stimulated β-cell proliferation. The discovery of a conserved pathway controlling age-dependent β-cell proliferation indicates new strategies for β-cell expansion.