块体Pd82Si18非晶合金的制备及晶化行为研究

采用玻璃包覆 水淬技术制备了块体Pd82Si18非晶合金．实验结果表明，净化对该熔体的非晶形成能力有很大的影响．通过对深过冷Pd82Si18合金的凝固行为研究发现，当过冷度大于190K时，过冷熔体会出现液相分离现象，热力学分析表明这将降低该过冷熔体的非晶形成能力．该非晶的晶化实验结果显示，与旋铸法制备的Pd82Si18非晶条带不同，块体非晶的晶化过程中出现两个放热峰，同时玻璃转变温度、晶化温度、过冷液相区都有相应的变化．通过分析可知Pd82Si18非晶合金的晶化过程与制备过程中的冷却速率有很重要的联系．     

Kinetics of the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes of hydrogen storage alloys: A review

High hydrogen absorption and desorption rates are two significant index parameters for the applications of hydrogen storage tanks.The analysis of the hydrogen absorption and desorption behavior using the isothermal kinetic models is an efficient way to investigate the kinetic mechanism.Multitudinous kinetic models have been developed to describe the kinetic process.However,these kinetic models were de-duced based on some assumptions and only appropriate for specific kinetic measurement methods and rate-controlling steps(RCSs),which sometimes lead to confusion during application.The kinetic analysis procedures using these kinetic models,as well as the key kinetic parameters,are unclear for many researchers who are unfamiliar with this field.These problems will prevent the kinetic models and their analysis methods from revealing the kinetic mechanism of hydrogen storage alloys.Thus,this review mainly focuses on the summarization of kinetic models based on different kinetic measurement methods and RCSs for the chemisorption,surface penetration,diffusion of hydrogen,nucleation and growth,and chemical reaction processes.The analysis procedures of kinetic experimental data are expounded,as well as the effects of temperature,hydrogen pressure,and particle radius.The applications of the kinetic models for different hydrogen storage alloys are also introduced.     

张拉整体机器人关键技术研究进展

 回顾了张拉整体机器人的特点，总结了现阶段张拉整体机器人典型样机的研制进展，从地面移动、空间探测和仿生领域3方面概述了张拉整体机器人的应用情况。从初始构型设计、初始预应力分析及稳定性判断、外荷载作用下型态分析、动力学特性及控制方法等方面，阐述了张拉整体机器人的关键技术；探讨了未来张拉整体机器人有待于进一步深入研究的技术难题。     

贵州省人口经济资源综合匹配状况时空变化研究

通过改进的人口经济资源匹配模型,分析贵州省2004—2013年资源人口和经济人口综合承载状况和贵州省内部经济资源匹配的空间状况。结果表明:1)以全国为参考区,贵州省2004—2013年人口经济资源综合匹配类型均属于资源和经济承载力均相对不足的Ⅳ类,实际人口数量相对于综合人口容量出现不同程度的超载。2)以贵州省为参考区,贵州省9个地州市2004—2013年人口-经济-资源-综合匹配类型Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ种匹配类型均存在,资源和经济承载状况大体上呈现出由北向南递减的趋势;不同的年份4种类型的空间分布具有差异性,总体上呈现经济和资源承载力均相对不足的Ⅳ类空间分布增大。3)从资源和经济承载状况看,贵州省未实现可持续发展,为了得到进一步的发展,贵州应提高人口素质,提升经济发展能力,进行合理的人口迁移,促进贵州省可持续发展。