Membrane sorption property effects on transmembrane permeation

A theoretical study was carried out into membrane transport phenomena.Formulae for calculating the membrane transport resistance and transmembrane mass flux were given,variations in membrane resistance and moisture flux with the membrane sorption constant(C)under various humidity conditions were analyzed,and the value of C corresponding to the minimum membrane resistance or the maximum moisture flux was obtained.The results show that the membrane resistance and moisture flux relate not only to C but also to the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.As C increases,membrane resistance initially decreases but then increases,i.e.,a minimum occurs,while the moisture flux first decreases and then increases,i.e.,a maximum occurs.The membrane resistance and moisture flux reach their extrema at the same value of C,which is determined by the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.To reduce the membrane resistance,the value of C should be chosen based on the humidity conditions.     

Superfluid density of two-dimensional weakly interacting boson system at zero temperature

We compute the superfluid density of a two-dimensional boson system with weak two-body repulsive interactions at zero temperature using one-loop perturbation theory in the weak coupling region. The boson fields are taken to be in continuum form in real space, and the interactions are approximated by a δ function of the distance between the bosons. We find that the one-loop fluctuations slightly decrease the superfluid density of a classical level. The superfluid density is approximated by the condensate density multiplied by the mass of the boson particle.     

关于Green定理的向量形式

通过引入梯度、旋度和散度,得到Green定理的向量形式.     

Upwind finite volume element methods for one-dimensional semiconductor device

A fully discrete implicit Euler upwind finite volume element method is derived and studied for one-dimensional semiconductor device. Upwind scheme is introduced to deal with the convection-dominated diffusion equations in the semiconductor model. With different time steps for the electrostatic potential and the other unknown quantities, the computational procedure of the method is obtained. The local mass conservation laws are preserved under the framework of the upwind finite volume element schemes. A first-order accuracy in the L ²-norm is proved. Numerical experiments are given to validate the usefulness and efficiency of the method.     

Sufficient Reason and Reason Enough

I offer an analysis of the Principle of Sufficient Reason and its relevancy for the scientific endeavour. I submit that the world is not, and cannot be, rational—only some brained beings are. The Principle of Sufficient Reason is not a necessary truth nor a physical law. It is just a guiding metanomological hypothesis justified a posteriori by its success in helping us to unveil the mechanisms that operate in Nature.     

Semi-global stabilization via homogeneous output feedback for a class of nonlinear time-delay systems

The semi-global stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems with state time-delay is addressed in this paper. By using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method and homogeneous domination approach, a homogeneous observer and an output feedback controller with a scaling gain are designed. Then the scaling gain is adjusted such that the closed-loop system is semi-global asymptotically stable. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results in this paper.     

Attentional negativity bias moderated by positive mood arousal

Automatically allocation of more attention to negative stimuli is called emotional negativity bias. An event-related potentials (ERPs) experiment investigated whether or not this bias was altered by positive mood arousal. The results suggested that the attention bias towards negative stimuli was attenuated when positive information was accessible.     

Graphene-based hybrid materials and their applications in energy storage and conversion

Graphene attracts more and more scientists and researchers owing to its superior electronic,thermal,and mechanical properties.For material scientists,graphene is a kind of versatile building blocks,and considerable progress has been made in recent years.Graphene-based hybrid materials have been prepared by incorporating inorganic species and/or cross-linking of organic species through covalent and/or noncovalent interactions.The graphene-based hybrid materials show improved or excellent performance in various fields.In this review,we summarize the synthesis of graphene and graphene-based hybrid materials,and their applications in energy storage and conversion.     

菟丝子拟雌激素部位给药大鼠尿液HPLC图谱建立

应用HPLC技术,筛选菟丝子拟雌激素活性部位给药后大鼠尿液的最佳处理方法,建立含药尿液的HPLC图谱,并且初步分析其尿中成分来源.经过考察,确定尿液样品的处理方法为正丁醇萃取法.含药尿液图谱显示,除内源性成分外有15个成分.实验建立的方法,准确、可靠,可用于菟丝子拟雌激素活性部位在大鼠尿液中的分析.为进一步分析和鉴定菟丝子拟雌激素活性部位入尿的化学成分,阐明其药效物质基础提供依据.     

可持续发展的外语学习能力探析

综合哲学、教育学、心理学和二语习得等不同角度对学习能力的理解,对可持续发展的外语学习能力内涵进行阐释。外语学习能力系统既包括智力因素,也包括非智力因素。外语学习能力应由基本学习能力、拓展学习能力和调节学习能力三大要素构成,三大要素中又包含一系列子要素,其中语言学习的迁移能力、自主学习能力和持久动机是外语学习能力可持续发展的重要指标。