科学与理性

编者按:本栏摘登了由青年学者刘华杰博士主持的关于"敬畏自然"话题讨论的部分内容.这个话题,自从印度洋海啸发生之后引起了我国学术界人士的普遍关注,并在某些报刊上展开了热烈的讨论.这里刊发的是四位青年学者从文化层面对"敬畏自然相关问题"发表的意见,供读者参阅.     

GPS/INS在火车安全告警系统中的应用

为了弥补目前火车车辆运行中人工统计调度工作量大、效率低等缺陷，提出了一种基于全球定位系统和惯性导航技术(GPS／INS)的火车安全告警系统的设计方案；重点讨论了GPS／INS在信息融合时所使用的卡尔曼滤波方法，避免了独立的惯性导航系统无限位置误差和GPS的1Hz慢速数据修正的问题；利用原有国家铁路网数据库进行数据修正，进一步提高了系统的精度．在此基础上设计的火车安全告警系统就能够简捷、准确地计算车辆运行里程，当车辆达到维修等级时自动进行报警提示，从而降低火车车辆调度工作的工作量及运行风险．     

hIL-2／IFN-1嵌合基因原核表达质粒的构建与表达

为构建hIL 2 /IFN γ 嵌合基因原核表达质粒 ,筛选其高效表达工程菌 ,设计特异性引物 ,PCR扩增目的基因并克隆至pPROEXHTb质粒NcoⅠ /HindⅢ位点 ,经双酶切及序列测定筛选阳性克隆 ,IPTG诱导工程菌后以SDS PAGE电泳鉴定目的蛋白的表达情况 ,并测定其抗原性和生物学活性 ,结果成功构建了工程菌Top10F’[hIL 2 /IFN γ],经优化表达条件后 ,目的蛋白表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 30 % ,分子质量约为 34ku .ELISA和Western blot实验结果表明 ,目的蛋白能特异性结合抗IFN γ 抗体 ,呈阳性反应 ,生物学活性测定显示其IL 2和IFN γ 比活性分别为 1 7× 10 7U/mg与 3 2× 10 6 U/mg .     

On the Strong Law of Large Numbers for Non-Independent B-Valued Random Variables

This paper investigates some conditions which imply the strong laws of large numbers for Banach space valued random variable sequences. Some generalizations of the Marcinkiewicz- Zygmund theorem and the HoffmannJφrgensen and Pisier theorem are obtained.     

Measurement of Magnetization Curve and Magnetic Relaxation for 2H-NbSe2 Crystals

The characteristics of electronic transport properties: behaviors of magnetization curve and magnetic relaxation of a typical normal superconductor 2H-NbSe2 are investigated. The results show that Tc and △Tc of the samples are 7. 2,0. 18 K, indicating that superconducting energy gap at zero temperature is 1. 1 meV. No fish tail shape is found in the magnetization curves at several temperatures. The relationship between remnant magnetic moment and time reveals that the magnetic flux creep of the sample agrees with the Kim-Anderson thermal activation model with the relaxation rate S=0.000 36 at T=6 K.     

Swelling Studies of Chitosan-Gelatin Films Cross-Linked by Sulfate

0　IntroductionChitosanisadeacetylatedderivativeofchitin ,containinginitsstructure glucosamineandacetylglucosamine joinedthroughβ (1→ 4 )linkages.ItisinsolubleinwaterandcommonorganicsolventsbutsolubleatapHunder 6 .5acidicmedia.Duetoitsexcellentbiodegradableandbiocompatiblecharacter,chi tosanhasbeenexaminedextensivelyinthepharmaceuticalindus tryforitspotentialinthedevelopmentofdrugdeliverysys tems[1 ,2 ] .Gelatinisabiodegradablepolymerofwidesafety ,pro ducedfromcollagen ,themostabundantprote…     

Soil Erosion on a Slope without Vegetation： a Simulating Experiment on a Bare Land in Mt. Tanakami

0　IntroductionManystudieshavebeendoneonthesedimentdischargeinMt.Tanakami .Thosestudiesconcerntheamountofsedi mentsandfewdiscussionsabouttheprocessonly .Andthesedi mentyieldmechanismindevastatedslopeinMt.Tanakamiisnotfullyunderstood.Inordertorecordthewholeprocessofsoilero sionfromthebeginningofprecipitation ,totheendofsedimentmovement,asimulatingexperimentbyusingartificialrainiscon ducted .Basedonthisexperiment,andbyfurthercomparingwiththepreviousdataofsedimentsinthisarea,somebasicdataaboutc…     

Testing and Evaluation for Web Usability Based on Extended Markov Chain Model

As the increasing popularity and complexity of Web applications and the emergence of their new characteristics. the testing and maintenance of large, complex Web applications are becoming more complex and difficult. Web applications generally contain lots of pages and are used by enormous users. Statistical testing is an effective way of ensuring their quality. Web usage can be accurately described by Markov chain which has been proved to be an ideal model for software statistical testing. The results of unit testing can b eutilized in the latter stages, wbich is an important strategy for bottom-to-top integration testing, and the other improvement of extended Markov chain model (FMM) is to present the error type vector which is treated as a part of page node. This paper also proposes the algorithm for generating test cases of usage paths. Finally, optional usage reliability evaluation methods and an incremental usability regression testing model for testing and evaluation are presented.     

公众对城市大气污染的健康防护行为研究

从社会心理学的角度, 研究公众对大气污染健康风险的防护行为。在北京市开展问卷调查, 对海淀、朝阳、西城、丰台4个区进行配额抽样, 共获得有效样本993份。基于健康信念模型, 通过线性回归模型分析防护行为强度的影响因素, 结果表明, 感知到的风险、感知到的行为障碍和感知到的行为有效性对大气污染健康防护行为的强度有显著影响, 该结论符合公共卫生服务领域解释健康防护行为的基本框架。研究结果可为借鉴公共卫生服务领域的知识进行环境领域的政策设计、解决环境风险问题的合理性提供依据。     

Systems Thinking and Scenario Planning: Application in the Clothing Sector

Industrial sectors that operate in uncertain environments - with demand variability, product seasonality and different industrialisation structures - need studies that enable identification and forecast trends. Therefore, the development of competitiveness extends beyond a company’s individual performance. Collective action, whether toward consumer markets, supplier markets, competitors and substitutes, can reinforce or help reformulate the current practices of an organisation, besides providing better results in the development of strategies and competitive positioning. Thus, clothing, the sector addressed in this work, is characterised by a long, fragmented, heterogeneous production chain, the competitiveness of which is linked to product differentiation. Therefore, the use of systemic approaches to study this sector is effective. In this sense, this research aims at adapting Systems Thinking and Scenario Planning (STSP) so that it supports the development and planning process in a given sector. Thus, this research applies STSP adapted to an analysis of the clothing sector in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. As a result, in academic terms, this research proposed and validated a method for analysing industrial sectors of the clothing industry. In the sectoral context, this research identified elements that leverage the sector’s competitiveness, besides generating knowledge and learning aimed at strengthening the sectoral structure identified, and fostering the formation of a new clothing cluster.