Regularization strategy for the Cauchy problem of Laplace’s equation from the viewpoint of regularization theory

Within the framework of the regularization theory, a spectral regularization method is introduced and analyzed. The convergence estimate under an appropriate choice of regularization parameter is obtained. A numerical implementation is described. Numerical examples show that the proposed method is effective and stable.     

40-Gb/s all-optical digital 4-bit priority encoder employing cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers

High-speed all-optical logic circuits have attracted much attention because of their important roles in signal processing in next-generation optical networks.The digital encoder is widely used in binary calculation,multiplexing,demultiplexing,address recognition and data encryption.A priority encoder allows the existence of multiple valid inputs simultaneously,identifies the priority of the request signals and encodes the priority.We propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical 4-bit priority encoder for return-to-zero signals at 40 Gbit/s based on cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers.Detuning fil-ters after semiconductor optical amplifiers are employed to improve the output performance.Correct logic bit sequences and clear open eye patterns with extinction ratios exceeding 10 dB are achieved.     

A new approach of available transfer capability incorporating wind generation

The approach of available transfer capability (denoted as ATC) incorporating wind generation has been paid very high attention since the development of wind generation. Based on the maximum function, this paper presents an ATC model. The characteristic of the new model is twofold. First, it considers wind turbines connected to power system and static security of power system simultaneously. Second, it is a system of semismooth equations and can be solved easily. By using the smoothing strategy, a smoothing Newton method is adopted for solving the proposed new ATC model. Numerical simulation results of the IEEE 30-bus and 118-bus system show that the new model and algorithm are feasible and effective. The impact of wind turbines connected to power system on ATC is also analyzed.     

Accurate localization and excision of genomic islands in four strains of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas fluorescens</Emphasis>

Mobile genomic islands (GIs) can be excised from the chromosome, then form a circular intermediate and be reintegrated into the chromosome by the GI internal integrase. Some mobile GIs can also be transferred into a new receptor cell by transformation, conjugation, or transduction. The action sites of the integrase are usually flanked direct repeats (DRs) of the GIs. Accurate localization of the flanking sequences is a precondition for determining the mobility of the GI. Mobile GIs are generally associated with transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Based on the correlation between flanking sequences and tRNA sequences, the flanking sequences of 11 putative mobile GIs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, P. aeruginosa PA14, P. fluorescens Pf-5 and P. fluorescens Pf0-1 were identified. Among the 11 GIs, Pf0-1GI-1 is responsible for benzoate degradation. PAO1GI-1, Pf5GI-2, Pf5GI-3, and Pf5GI-4 were confirmed experimentally to be excised from a chromosome to form a circular intermediate. The action sites of the integrases are these GIs direct repeats. Due to distinct DRs, cutting sites for the internal integrase of PAO1GI-1, Pf5GI-2, Pf5GI-3 and Pf5GI-4 were determined outside the T-loop of the tRNA^Gly gene, outside the anticodon loop of the tRNA^Ser gene and tRNA^Lys gene, and at the asymmetric 3′-end of the tRNA^Leu gene, respectively. PAO1GI-1 and other mobile GIs may be transferred into many different strains that belong to different phyla because of the clear flanking sequences. This study describes basic information about the action sites of the integrases, assesses the mobility of GIs, and can help design and transfer mobile GIs to candidate strains.     

A liquid helium temperature target with a 10 K vapor shield for shock compression experiment in the environment condition of 100 Pa

The shock compression experiment of liquid helium is an available way to gain properties of specimen at high temperatures and pressures.Based on Fluent,a thermal insulation analysis and design of a liquid helium temperature target in the environment condition of 100 Pa for shock compression experiment is performed.Then,a cryogenic target with a 10 K helium vapor shield and a separated vacuum interval is particularly developed.A lowest temperature of 3.63 K and a stable temperature of 3.70 K in the specimen cavity with an accuracy of 0.1 K are obtained by means of continuous flow and vacuum cooling.Both time-consuming and temperature stability are well-suited to the requirements of the shock compression experiment.The results show that the calculated and experimental data well-matched each other.The simulation method may be effective and feasible for the optimal design of the cryogenic target.     

DNA damage,signaling and repair: Protecting genomic integrity and reducing the risk of human disease

DNA is the genetic material that contains the "instructions" to not only guide the continuation of life but also govern the development, metabolism and functioning of living organisms. DNA damage occurs daily due to various exogenous (environ-     

Intrinsic abnormal electromagnetic medium based on polar lattice vibration

A new class of media with abnormal electromagnetic parameters has been attracting increasing attention because of its exotic properties and potential application. Currently, typical metamaterials are mainly composed of artificially designed metallic periodic structures. However, due to the limitations of available fabrication technologies, physical size and material effects, it is difficult to realize these abnormal properties by these artificial structures in the high-frequency regime. Therefore, it is important to find materials with intrinsic abnormal electromagnetic responses. In this field, a new mechanism based on the interaction between polar lattice vibrations and electromagnetic waves has been proposed. In this paper, we review progress in this field.     

Nonlinear Langevin model with product stochasticity for biological networks: The case of the Schnakenberg model

Langevin equation is widely used to study the stochastic effects in molecular networks, as it often approximates well the underlying chemical master equation. However, frequently it is not clear when such an approximation is applicable and when it breaks down. This paper studies the simple Schnakenberg model consisting of three reversible reactions and two molecular species whose concentrations vary. To reduce the residual errors from the conventional formulation of the Langevin equation, the authors propose to explicitly model the effective coupling between macroscopic concentrations of different molecular species. The results show that this formulation is effective in correcting residual errors from the original uncoupled Langevin equation and can approximate the underlying chemical master equation very accurately.     

Application of artificial neural networks in global climate change and ecological research: An overview

Fields that employ artificial neural networks (ANNs) have developed and expanded continuously in recent years with the ongoing development of computer technology and artificial intelligence. ANN has been adopted widely and put into practice by researchers in light of increasing concerns over ecological issues such as global warming, frequent El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and atmospheric circulation anomalies. Limitations exist and there is a potential risk for misuse in that ANN model parameters require typically higher overall sensitivity, and the chosen network structure is generally more dependent upon individual experience. ANNs, however, are relatively accurate when used for short-term predictions; despite global climate change research favoring the effects of interactions as the basis of study and the preference for long-term experimental research. ANNs remain a better choice than many traditional methods when dealing with nonlinear problems, and possesses great potential for the study of global climate change and ecological issues. ANNs can resolve problems that other methods cannot. This is especially true for situations in which measurements are difficult to conduct or when only incomplete data are available. It is anticipated that ANNs will be widely adopted and then further developed for global climate change and ecological research.     

Density and structure of undercooled liquid titanium

For liquid Ti, it is difficult to achieve high undercooling because of its chemical reactivity; as a result, there is little information available on its properties and structure in the undercooled state. In this study, we investigate the density and structure, using molecular dynamics method, for the undercooling and superheating ranges 0-743 K and 0-457 K. The density increases quadratically for undercooling. At the melting temperature, the density is 4.14 g/cm3, and first and second temperature coefficients are obtained. The pair correlation functions and coordination numbers indicate that the short range degree of order becomes increasingly significant with increasing undercooling.