组合式贴壁风对660MW锅炉燃烧过程的影响

为防止电厂660 MW对冲燃烧锅炉出现水冷壁高温腐蚀现象,提出了锅炉前后墙和侧墙同时布置贴壁风的新型组合式方案.采用数值计算方法,对锅炉在原始工况和贴壁风工况下的炉内燃烧、传热及流动过程进行了数值模拟,重点考察了贴壁风对炉内速度场、温度场及烟气组分浓度场的影响.结果表明:模拟预测的强还原性区域与锅炉实际发生高温腐蚀区域相吻合;组合式贴壁风提高了侧墙的O2覆盖率,增加了覆盖区域的含氧量,而CO明显降低;贴壁风加入前后炉内燃烧温度和各组分浓度变化不大,对炉内燃烧几乎没有影响;从燃尽风引出的组合式贴壁风削弱了空气分级低氮燃烧作用,NOx排放略有增加.     

相变蓄能建筑墙体研究进展

对相变材料在墙体中的封装方式(直接混合、宏观封装、微观封装和定形相变材料封装)、相变材料的种类和物性等方面的研究进行了归纳总结.从实验和模拟2个方面,对相变材料位于墙体表面和墙体内部影响室内环境和建筑能耗的研究进行了综述和评价.分析表明,微观封装和定形相变材料的封装效果较好;墙体用相变材料的相变温度一般在20~30℃范围内;相变材料层在墙体中的安装位置可分为墙体表面和墙体内部2种,但相变材料层在墙体内的最优位置并不固定,受相变材料物性、墙体材料以及室内外环境工况的影响.通过相变材料与墙体合理高效的结合,可充分发挥相变材料的高蓄热特性,提高墙体的热性能,达到调节室内环境温度、降低建筑能耗的目的.     

基于可信性的低碳物流网络设计多目标模糊规划问题

通过物流网络的优化设计来控制碳排放是提高低碳物流绩效的一种重要途径.针对模糊环境下多级低碳物流网络设计的战略定位和配置问题,综合考虑多级物流网络参数的模糊性以及战术层的多商品流、多生产技术和多运输方式的选择决策,以最小化物流网络的总成本和总碳排放为目标,集成采用期望值规划方法和机会约束规划方法,建立了基于可信性的多目标模糊数学规划模型.该模型引入二氧化碳当量作为衡量物流网络对环境影响的评估指标.然后,设计了一种基于可信性测度的交互式模糊求解方法对多目标模糊规划模型予以求解.最后,通过算例验证了模型和算法的有效性和可行性.     

阳离子对阴离子型表面活性剂影响的分子模拟研究

使用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-31G水平上,对十二烷基磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂与阳离子(K+)形成的离子对进行结构优化,得到稳定的几何构型,进而从分子水平研究阴离子表面活性剂与阳离子之间的相互作用.计算结果表明,阳离子与表面活性剂的氧原子形成稳定离子构型,与阳离子结合后表面活性剂的极性头电荷减少从而降低了极性头间的排斥作用.进而利用介观层次的耗散粒子动力学,研究了阳离子加入对表面活性剂溶液体系表面张力的影响,结果表明,阳离子可显著降低阴离子型表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度,并提高其降低表面张力的效率.     

Improving thermal insulation of TC4 using YSZ-based coating and SiO2 aerogel

In this paper, air plasmas spray(APS) was used to prepare YSZ and Sc2O3–YSZ(Sc YSZ) coating in order to improve the thermal insulation ability of TC4 alloy. Si O2 aerogel was also synthesized and affixed on TC4 titanium alloy to inhabit thermal flow. The microstructures, phase compositions and thermal insulation performance of three coatings were analyzed in detail. The results of thermal diffusivity test by a laser flash method showed that the thermal diffusivities of YSZ, Sc2O3–YSZ and Si O2 aerogel are 0.553, 0.539 and 0.2097 10 6m2/s, respectively. Then,the thermal insulation performances of three kinds of coating were investigated from 20 1C to 400 1C using high infrared radiation heat flux technology. The experimental results indicated that the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloy(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ is 41.5 1C for 0.6 mm thickness coating. For 1 mm thickness coating, the corresponding temperature difference between the top TC4 alloys(400 1C) and the bottom surface of YSZ, Sc YSZ, Si O2 aerogel three specimens is 54, 54.6 and 208 1C, respectively. The coating thickness and species were found to influence the heat insulation ability. In these materials, YSZ and Sc YSZ exhibited a little difference for heat insulation behavior. However, Si O2 aerogel was the best one among them and it can be taken as protection material on TC4 alloys. In outer space,Si O2 aerogel can meet the need of thermal insulation of TC4 of high-speed aircraft.     

Effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on mechanical and elastic properties of Ti–36Nb–5Zr alloy

The evolutions of phase constitutions and mechanical properties of a β-phase Ti–36Nb–5Zr(wt%) alloy during thermo-mechanical treatment were investigated. The alloy consisted of dual(β t α″) phase and exhibited a double yielding phenomenon in solution treated state. After cold rolling and subsequent annealing at 698 K for 20 min, an excellent combination of high strength(833 MPa) and low modulus(46 GPa) was obtained. The high strength can be attributed to high density of dislocations, nanosized α phase and grain refinement. On the other hand, the low Young's modulus originates from the suppression of chemical stabilization of β phase during annealing, which guarantees the low β-phase stability. Furthermore, the single-crystal elastic constants of the annealed Ti–36Nb–5Zr alloy were extracted from polycrystalline alloy using an in-situ synchrotron X-ray technique. The results indicated that the low shear modulus C44 contributes to the low Young's modulus for the Ti–36Nb–5Zr alloy, suggesting that reducing C44 through thermo-mechanical treatment might be an efficient approach to realize low Young's modulus in β-phase Ti alloys. The results achieved in this study could be helpful to elucidate the origin of low modulus and sheds light on developing novel biomedical Ti alloys with both low modulus and high strength.     

动态系统模型验证的多元响应分析

摘要： 针对模型验证中多元动态响应分析问题,提出了基于改进的响应误差评估(Enhanced Error Assessment of Response Time Histories, EEARTH)方法与层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)法的多元响应分析方法.采用EEARTH方法并结合动态时间规整,分析了物理试验与仿真数据动态时间响应曲线上重要特征的差异,并转化为统一的0～100%的EEARTH评分.采用AHP并利用领域专家知识以确定3个EEARTH评分的重要程度,以及各响应量对最终AHP EEARTH评分的影响权重,从而获得多元动态系统模型验证的整体评分.对某车型的驾驶员乘员侧约束系统的实例研究表明,该方法能有效实现复杂多元动态系统的模型验证.     

基于四象限法的跨声速压气机非设计点损失分析

基于流线曲率法发展了一种适用于跨声速压气机性能预测的高精度模型,对最小损失攻角及非设计点损失预测模型进行了修正.提出了一种非设计点损失分析方法——四象限法,结合该方法对跨声速压气机的损失构成进行了重新定义,对不同工况的损失特点开展了深入分析,在一定程度上揭示了跨声速压气机的损失分布和增长规律.采用新发展的模型对某高负荷跨声速转子进行了详细的计算,并与实验数据进行对比.结果表明,发展的性能预测模型和损失分析方法能够较为可靠地预测全流量工况下跨声速转子的总体性能与气动参数沿展向的分布,为跨声速压气机的特性预测提供了新的思路,具有较强的借鉴意义和工程实用价值.     

集装箱班轮晚班到港规律及其应用研究

调查大连港集装箱码头连续3年10 280个航班的到港时间记录,分析集装箱班轮实际到港时间与船期的偏差规律,证明集装箱班轮晚班到港概率服从伽马分布,并提出利用该特性优化泊位计划的思路和方法.以大连港为案例,对泊位计划进行优化,结果可使泊位前后航班时间间隔损失平均减少5.58 h,航班靠泊发生冲突概率平均减少9.47%.实例证明了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

复杂条件下多智能体系统编队一致性控制

针对噪声信号使多智能体系统难以形成一致的问题,综合运用代数图理论、矩阵论等知识,结合一致性形成条件和现有的一致性协议,提出一种改进的带有噪声的一致性控制算法。该算法能够使系统状态量与控制输入量收敛到一个很小的范围,从而大大弱化噪声对系统的影响。将这种改进算法应用到多智能体编队控制中并进行仿真,仿真结果表明,采用改进的一致性控制算法后,多智能体运动轨迹波动小,轨迹曲线平滑,各运动参数趋于一致,具有良好的编队一致性。