嵌入式Linux在S3C2440上的移植

本文描述了将Linux移植到基于S3C2440处理器的目标板上的方法与过程。首先介绍了如何搭建嵌入式交叉编译环境,然后着重讨论了在该开发板上bootloader的设计实现以及Linux内核的移植的方法。     

漠阳江水环境质量现状分析

为保护漠阳江水环境和保护饮用水源,对漠阳江水质基本情况展开调查,摸清漠阳江及其主要支流水环境质量现状。调查发现,漠阳江源头水质较好,但随着漠阳江经阳春城区和阳江城区后,水质有所恶化。分析原因,漠阳江目前最主要的污染源为生活污水。针对该情况,本文提出了漠阳江整治的相应建议。     

Seasonal variations and environmental controls on stalagmite calcite crystal growth in Heshang Cave,central China

Stalagmite growth rates are usually considered to reflect changes in paleoclimate and paleoenvironment. However, how exactly growth rates are affected by climate and environment is still unclear. We launched a monitoring and modeling program that lasted approximately 4 years on two active drip sites in Heshang Cave, central China. We collected comprehensive quantitative data on growth rates, cave temperature, CO₂ concentration, drip rate and drip-water chemistry to better understand the relationship between stalagmite growth and cave environment. By laying out glass substrates, we successfully grew stalagmite calcite crystals with rhombic characteristics, and quantified growth rates by measuring the long and short axes of calcite crystals under a microscope. Combined with coeval environmental data, we explicitly examined the roles of cave temperature, drip rate and drip-water chemistry in controlling the micro-scale growth of stalagmite calcite. Results show that growth of stalagmite calcite crystals at two drip sites exhibited similar seasonal variations − generally faster in the summer months, at ∼3 μm d⁻¹, and slower during the late winter to early spring, at ∼1.5 μm d⁻¹. Variations in calcite growth rates were mainly determined by changes in cave temperature, with the growth rate increasing by 8.1%/°C and 6.6%/°C at the two locations. This indicates the potential use of stalagmite growth rates as a seasonal-resolution paleo-temperature proxy in some ventilated caves. On the other hand, the effect of drip rate and drip-water Ca²⁺ and SIC values on growth rates were not significant.     

PtCO分子结构与解析势能函数

用密度泛函理论的B3P86方法,对铂原子采用LANL2DZ收缩价基函数,碳原子和氧原子采用6-311G* 基组,对PtC,PtO和PtCO体系的结构进行优化,计算表明：PtC分子基态为1+态,键长为Re=0.16844nm,离解能为6.23725eV. PtO分子基态的平衡核间距为0.17486nm,其电子态为3-,离解能为3.84565eV,拟合得到Murrell-Sorbie势能函数;PtCO分子有两个线性稳定构型,其中一个构型为Pt-C≡O (C∞v),电子态为1+,平衡核间距为RPtC=0.17672nm,RCO=0.11464nm,离解能为14.46769 eV,另一个为Pt-O≡C (C∞v),电子态是1+,平衡核间距为RCO=0.11243nm,RPtO=0.21886nm,离解能为11.26729eV. 由微观过程的可逆性原理分析了分子的可能的离解极限,并用多体展式理论导出基态PtCO分子的势能函数,其等势面图准确地再现了PtCO分子的结构特征和离解能,由此讨论了Pt+CO, PtC+O, PtO+C分子反应的势能面静态特征.     

Near-field coupling and SERS effects of palladium nanoparticle dimers

The linear optical properties and the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect of spherical palladium nanoparticle dimers are analyzed theoretically using generalized Mie theory. The calculation results demonstrate that the near-field coupling effect greatly influences the absorption, scattering and extinction spectra of nanoparticle dimers. The surface plasmon resonance wavelength red-shifts dramatically as the separation between nanoparticles decreases. Because of the near-field coupling between nanoparticles and the size effect, the maximum SERS enhancement factor at the ‘hot spot’ between palladium nanoparticle dimers is as high as 10⁷–10⁸, while the averaged SERS enhancement factor over the entire nanoparticle surface is in the range of 10⁵–10⁶. The deviation between the position of the peak in the extinction spectrum and the wavelength for maximum surface-averaged enhancement for the Pd nanoparticle dimers indicates that localized surface plasmon resonance has different influences on the far and near fields. These theoretical results may help to reveal the relationship between the far and near fields, as well as understand the mechanism of electromagnetic enhancement in the surface-enhanced scattering of transition metals.     

盐类物质对泥质烃源岩生排烃过程的影响

根据中国东部下第三系盐湖相沉积存在的地质实际,利用地层孔隙热压生排烃模拟仪开展了仿真地层条件下的含盐和不含盐泥质烃源岩的生排烃模拟实验,通过对烃类产物的分析探讨了盐类物质参与烃源岩生排烃的过程。研究表明：（1）盐类的存在加速了成烃演化,促进了石油和天然气的生成;（2）盐类的存在降低了对有机质的吸附能力,加速了粘土转化和脱水过程,且盐层易解理,使烃源岩中微孔隙及孔缝发育,促进了油气的初次运移;（3）无盐泥质源岩发育区虽然滞留大量的石油资源,但由于其岩石本身难压裂,对于商业化开采页岩油并无太大意义,到达过成熟阶段后,可能是页岩气开采的有利区带。盐岩发育区虽然其整体演化过程中生成的油气易于排出,但在Ro=1.28%时仍然滞留着20% 的石油资源,富含大量的盐类脆性矿物而低含粘土矿物,有利于产生裂缝,易于压裂,是页岩油藏勘探的有利区带。     

充气钻井环空弹状流稳态流动模型与实例验证

国内外针对弹状流(段塞流)管流的力学模型研究很少,且计算误差较大,无法应用于钻井工程。为此,针对充气钻井开展环空气液弹状流稳态力学模型研究,可准确预测和设计井筒流体参数。首先,借鉴国外研究成果,对钻井气液两相管流型态进行描述分析,推导出环空弹状流与泡状流的转换判别关系式,认为环空充气钻井液主要出现泡状流和弹状流两种流型,且充气钻井井深小于300 m的环空内为弹状流。然后,建立环空弹状流单元的物理模型,并对其流动参数进行解析计算。依据管流机械能守恒定律,建立充气钻井环空弹状流稳态力学模型,并给出数值解法。通过两井连通充气钻水平井(DNP02井)的实钻模拟,计算出的环空流动参数与现场实测数据非常吻合,误差小于5%。证实模型的理论体系完整,计算结果满足钻井工程需求,具有很好的通用性。     

模拟生活污水在排水管网中的COD浓度变化

 以一维移流扩散方程为基础,针对排水管网中常用的混凝土圆管排水管道,建立排水管道化学需氧量(COD)浓度模型,运用有限差分法对模型进行求解,并利用VB和Excel进行实现。经现场试验验证,模型可较好地模拟污水在单管排水管道输送过程中的COD浓度变化,模拟值与实测值的最大相对误差为2.5%。以珠三角某镇排水管网为例,进一步结合节点混合模型,模拟城镇生活污水在排水管网传送过程中的COD浓度变化,模拟结果表明,模型的各参数计算及取值较为合理,能准确地反映出实际污水处理厂进水COD浓度,模拟值与实测值的相对误差为6.6%。运用此模型有助于预测判断排水管网各节点的污水COD浓度,尤其是污水处理厂的进水COD浓度,有利于对城镇排水管网进行管理。     

转型综改背景下的山西科技工作

2010年12月,山西省国家资源型经济转型综合配套改革试验区正式获批。阐述了转型综改背景下山西科技工作面临的机遇与挑战,分析了科技工作的现状及存在的问题,立足全省转型综改的总体部署,提出了推进科技工作的建议。     

山西省近10年科学技术发展述评

回顾并分析了山西省近10年的科技发展情况,在此基础上,指出了山西科技工作中存在的科技投入不足、科技人才缺乏、企业创新主体地位不稳固、科技产出能力不强、高新技术产业化进展缓慢等问题,提出了加快山西科技发展的对策。