A PPARγ-FGF1 axis is required for adaptive adipose remodelling and metabolic homeostasis

Although feast and famine cycles illustrate that remodelling of adipose tissue in response to fluctuations in nutrient availability is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we identify fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) as a critical transducer in this process in mice, and link its regulation to the nuclear receptor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ), which is the adipocyte master regulator and the target of the thiazolidinedione class of insulin sensitizing drugs. FGF1 is the prototype of the 22-member FGF family of proteins and has been implicated in a range of physiological processes, including development, wound healing and cardiovascular changes. Surprisingly, FGF1 knockout mice display no significant phenotype under standard laboratory conditions. We show that FGF1 is highly induced in adipose tissue in response to a high-fat diet and that mice lacking FGF1 develop an aggressive diabetic phenotype coupled to aberrant adipose expansion when challenged with a high-fat diet. Further analysis of adipose depots in FGF1-deficient mice revealed multiple histopathologies in the vasculature network, an accentuated inflammatory response, aberrant adipocyte size distribution and ectopic expression of pancreatic lipases. On withdrawal of the high-fat diet, this inflamed adipose tissue fails to properly resolve, resulting in extensive fat necrosis. In terms of mechanisms, we show that adipose induction of FGF1 in the fed state is regulated by PPARγ acting through an evolutionarily conserved promoter proximal PPAR response element within the FGF1 gene. The discovery of a phenotype for the FGF1 knockout mouse establishes the PPARγ–FGF1 axis as critical for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitization.     

中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia)株丛的水分关系

中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia)对风沙侵蚀有较强的适应性,在毛乌素沙地中,呈星散分布。有的中间锦鸡儿株丛与沙篙(Artemisia ordosica)、羊柴(Agriophlla squarroaum)等组成独特的沙地群落。本文着重研究了中间锦鸡儿株丛的水分关系:(1)中间锦鸡儿叶片的蒸腾速率。通常在上午10时和下午2时左右有峰值,中午时蒸腾速率稍有降低。早晨或阴天,光照较弱,气温较低,老茎叶片的蒸腾速率小于幼茎叶片;但在光照强,气温高的条件下,幼茎叶片的蒸腾速率小于老茎叶片。这意味着幼茎叶片比老茎叶片有较强的控制蒸腾失水的能力。(2)一个占地70-80m~2的中间锦鸡儿株丛的日蒸腾失水量达53kg(0.7mm),其中从老茎叶片腾掉的水分约占3/4。这是因为老茎叶量为幼茎叶量的3倍。(3)在毛乌素沙地,中间锦鸡儿通常生长在水势较高的(-0.42MPa)沙土中,却处在水势很低的(-109.20MPa)大气环境中。因此,中间锦鸡儿可从沙土中获得良好的水分供应。     

求解TSP问题的并集搜索的新宏启发算法

利用TSP问题解的概率统计模型，分析了TSP问题的局部最优解并集的性质，发现局部最优解的并集规模较小且包含了绝大多数全局最优解的边．利用该性质，将局部最优解并集作为启发集，并调用局部搜索算子在其上求解TSP问题，由此得到一种称为并集搜索的新宏启发算法．利用该算法还改进了目前广泛使用的求解TSP问题的算法ILK、LKH，在TSPLIB中典型实例上的实验结果表明，新算法在解的质量上有了较显著的提高．     

市场经济条件下的企业产品最优定价决策模型的研究

定价决策,在市场经济条件下,已成为企业普遍关注的热门课题。该文以企业追求利润最大化为目标,从市场供求关系和边际分析出发,用定量的方法对企业产品最优定价问题进行理论探讨。     

E时代图书馆书目情报服务工作创新策略

本文简要概述了书目情报服务的重要地位和作用,指出了书目服务上普遍存在的问题,并以高校馆和企业馆为突破口,提出了E时代创新书目服务工作中切实可行的策略。     

一种基于反射镜的2×2机械式光开关

研制出一种基于反射镜的 2× 2机械式光开关 ,介绍了该器件的结构、原理及影响重复性的因素 ,该器件采用两个双光纤准直器对光路进行耦合 ,利用继电器带动反射镜工作 ,能够灵活地改变光路 .该器件主要用于光交叉连接和光路信号上下载中 ,实验和测量结果表明具有插损低、可靠性好的特点 ,应用前景极其广泛 .     

催化燃烧VOCs的三种过渡金属催化剂的活性比较

利用浸渍法将过渡金属硝酸盐溶液沉积在γ—Al2O3上,通过焙烧制得三种过渡金属氧化物催化剂CuO／γ-Al2O3、CdO／γ-Al2O3和NiO／γ—Al2O3,通过催化燃烧销毁乙醇、丙酮和甲苯的实验,对催化剂活性进行了评价．实验结果表明,在催化剂作用下,三种挥发性有机化合物VOCs催化燃烧的起燃温度和完全燃烧温度都明显低于它们的燃点,其中CuO／γ-AlO3催化剂的催化活性优于CdO／γ—Al2O3和NiO／γ—A12O3催化剂,它对丙酮、乙醇和甲苯的催化起燃温度分别是180,190和230℃,另外对于催化燃烧VOCs,挥发性气体分子的极性越大就越容易被氧化。     

The cytogenetics and fiber properties of an allohexaploid betweenGossypium hirsutum andG. somalense

Cytogenetics and fiber properties were studied on the Gossypium hirsutum×G. somalense F₂ hybrid and later generations. The cytological analyses of pollen mother cells (PMCs) were made at meiotic metaphase Ⅰ. The results indicated that the hybrid was a new allohexaploid, its chromosome number determined as 2n=6x=78, and genome group as 2[(AD)₁E₂]. Chromosomal configurations of the hexaploid averaged 0.15Ⅰ+ 38.72Ⅱ+ 0.11Ⅲ + 0.02Ⅳ per cell, 85.09% PMCs having 39 bivalents, and only 11.84% PMCs having 1 to 2 multivalents, indicating that heterogenetic recombinations of chromosomes occurs between (AD)₁ and E₂, nevertheless, the frequency is lower. The hexaploids are self-fertile and the progenies remain the hexaploids, whose fibers are light brown and have higher strength by measurement of HVI 900 system. The fiber strength increases 42% than that of upland cotton variety. Therefore, it is possible for the hexaploid to be an important germplasm resource to improve fiber strength of cotton.     

复合金刚石薄膜的介电特性

利用热丝大面积金刚石薄膜气相合成（CVD）装备制备了复合金刚石薄膜，并对其表面和断面分别进行了扫描电镜（SEM），原子力显微镜（AFM）和Raman光谱表征，研究了该复合结构的介电性能，利用共振电路测量了高频下薄膜的介质损耗与频率的关系，结果表明，复合结构由普通多晶金刚石薄膜和纳米金刚石薄膜组成，薄膜的表层结构体现了纳 米金刚石的特征，复合金刚石薄膜不仅具有表面光滑的优点，介电性能也接近于常规的多晶金刚石薄膜，是一种较好的电子材料，可应用于金刚石薄膜半导体器件的制备。     

覆冰导线绕流的数值模拟

利用采用高阶有限差分的迎风格式,从探讨网格模型与计算结果之间的关系入手,通过数值计算模拟了新月形冰型的覆冰导线模型在不同攻角下的阻力系数、升力系数以及斯特鲁哈尔系数的变化规律,并与高雷诺数试验结果进行了对照分析。在一定程度上,数值结果反映了新月形冰型的覆冰导线模型气动力特性。