The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia enables predictive modelling of anticancer drug sensitivity

The systematic translation of cancer genomic data into knowledge of tumour biology and therapeutic possibilities remains challenging. Such efforts should be greatly aided by robust preclinical model systems that reflect the genomic diversity of human cancers and for which detailed genetic and pharmacological annotation is available. Here we describe the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE): a compilation of gene expression, chromosomal copy number and massively parallel sequencing data from 947 human cancer cell lines. When coupled with pharmacological profiles for 24 anticancer drugs across 479 of the cell lines, this collection allowed identification of genetic, lineage, and gene-expression-based predictors of drug sensitivity. In addition to known predictors, we found that plasma cell lineage correlated with sensitivity to IGF1 receptor inhibitors; AHR expression was associated with MEK inhibitor efficacy in NRAS-mutant lines; and SLFN11 expression predicted sensitivity to topoisomerase inhibitors. Together, our results indicate that large, annotated cell-line collections may help to enable preclinical stratification schemata for anticancer agents. The generation of genetic predictions of drug response in the preclinical setting and their incorporation into cancer clinical trial design could speed the emergence of 'personalized' therapeutic regimens.     

非线性微分-差分方程的一些结果

本文运用Nevanlinna值分布理论及差分类的对数导数引理,给出了微分-差分方程存在有限级整函数解和亚纯函数解的一个必要条件．同时还给出了微分一差分方程的Clunie引理,Mohon’ko—Mohon’ko引理等．     

碘催化下1-苄基-2-芳基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑衍生物的合成

以芳醛和邻苯二胺为原料,碘作为催化剂,在离子液体中反应得到了一系列的1-苄基-2-芳基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑衍生物．产物的结构通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和高分辨质谱进行表征,并通过X射线单晶衍射分析进一步证实产物3a的结构．     

高速铁路对历史文化旅游城市的影响及规划应对策略——以平遥县为例

探讨了高速铁路对于历史文化旅游城市旅游发展、城市及旅游空间格局、名城保护等方面的主要影响及其作用机理。以平遥县为例,研究了大同—西安高速铁路建设给城市发展带来的新机遇和新要求,并从职能扩张、空间整合、交通导向3方面提出了规划应对策略。     

有源配电网阻抗特性分析与测量

并网逆变器的接入改变了配电网的阻抗特性,以含L型和LCL型并网逆变器的有源配电网为研究对象,研究含并网逆变器的有源配电网阻抗特性.通过逆变器的小信号控制框图分别建立L型并网逆变器和LCL型并网逆变器的诺顿等效模型,并通过电路变换得到含有多种逆变器的有源配电网的戴维南等效模型.在此基础上,分析不同逆变器的主电路参数和控制参数对有源配电网等效阻抗幅值和相角的影响.为便于工程实际中获取有源配电网阻抗及验证模型的正确性,采用一种基于串联谐波电压源扰动的方法进行有源配电网阻抗进行了测量.最后基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建了仿真模型.仿真结果验证了有源配电网阻抗模型的正确性.     

浙江省衢州市上方镇大理岩矿床矿物学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

衢州市上方镇位于钦杭结合带东段,是中国著名的重钙用大理岩产区,区内大理岩矿床均赋存于石炭系黄龙组碳酸盐岩地层.在野外地质调查的基础上,对上方镇大理岩矿床的碳酸盐岩进行了详细的岩相学、矿物学和地球化学研究.研究结果表明,上方大理岩矿床矿石主要为大理岩和大理岩化灰岩,具粒状变晶结构,大理岩方解石结晶较好,颗粒较大且规则,含杂质较少,大理岩化灰岩则含较多杂质,其方解石结晶较差,颗粒不规则且有溶蚀交代现象.地球化学特征显示两类碳酸盐岩化学组成相似,大离子亲石元素(Sr、Ba等)和高场强元素(Nb、Zr、U、Hf、Th等)明显富集,而Ti明显亏损.K2O/Na2O、100×MgO/Al2O3、Ga、Ba、Sr和U/Th等指标暗示碳酸盐岩原岩为沉积型碳酸盐岩,且沉积环境为受陆源碎屑物质影响较少的浅海海相沉积,显示为较强的贫氧-缺氧的还原环境特征.     

基于要素视角的建设用地集约利用内生动力及评价研究

基于要素视角, 通过文献资料法和综合分析法, 深入剖析建设用地集约利用的内生动力要素及其作用机理, 探讨并构建建设用地集约度评价体系框架, 对贵州省 9 个市(自治州)进行实证研究, 得到如下结果。1) 建设用地集约利用具有客观规律, 其内生动力要素包括人口动力、自然动力和经济动力, 而政策制度、规划管制和技术进步等外生动力要素通过供需机制、聚集效应机制和要素替代机制, 引起内生动力要素的数量和结构变化, 形成不同的集约利用类型和集约利用水平。2) 建设用地集约度评价是一个综合的评价, 表达方式不局限于单一土地要素的集约, 而是一种全要素的集约, 涵盖人口要素集约度、能源要素集约度和经济要素集约度。评价的指标体系应包括人口要素准则层、能源要素准则层和经济要素准则层。3) 贵州省建设用地全要素集约利用进程比较缓慢, 大部分市(自治州)建设用地集约度呈现波动态势; 2010—2016年, 贵州省建设用地集约利用空间格局得到一定程度的优化, 空间变异呈现先减小后增大的态势。4) 贵州省9个市(自治州)的建设用地集约利用水平以低度集约利用型和低度粗放利用型为主, 人口要素和经济要素起主要的内在推动作用。     

水泥粉煤灰碎石桩在地基处理中的应用

水泥粉煤灰碎石桩(即 cement frying-ashgravel pile)简称为CFG桩.是用碎石、石屑、粉煤灰和少量水泥,加水拌和,用振动沉管打桩机或长螺旋钻管内泵压成桩机制成的具有一定黏结强度的桩,桩和桩间上通过褥垫层调解,联合作用形成复合地基.造价较低,施工方便.文章以闻合高速公路K31+300钢筋混凝土拱涵基底处理为例,针对湿陷性黄土地基处理施工工艺,对采用水泥粉煤灰桩复合地基施工进行了综合分析,并对施工可行性进行了探讨.     

Simulation of heat transfer in steel billets during continuous casting

This work is focused on the development of computational algorithms to create a simulator for solving the heat transfer during the continuous casting process of steel. The temperatures and the solid shell thickness profiles were calculated and displayed on the screen for a billet through a defined continuous casting plant (CCP). The algorithms developed to calculate billet temperatures, involve the solutions of the corresponding equations for the heat removal conditions such as radiation, forced convection, and conduction according to the billet position through the CCP. This is done by a simultaneous comparison with the kinematics model previously developed. A finite difference method known as Crank-Nicholson is applied to solve the two-dimensional computational array (2D model). Enthalpy (H_I,J) and temperature (T_I,J) in every node are updated at each step time. The routines to display the results have been developed using a graphical user interface (GUI) in the programming language C++. Finally, the results obtained are compared with those of industrial trials for the surface temperature of three steel casters with different plant configurations in different casting conditions.     

近十年发菜的研究进展

本文针对发菜近十年的研究结果进行综述和分析,重点介绍了与光合作用相关结构、适应恶劣环境的分子机制、水分与生长的相关性、环境条件对室外培植发菜的影响等,最后提出了进一步研究发菜的思路.