公众对城市大气污染的健康防护行为研究

从社会心理学的角度, 研究公众对大气污染健康风险的防护行为。在北京市开展问卷调查, 对海淀、朝阳、西城、丰台4个区进行配额抽样, 共获得有效样本993份。基于健康信念模型, 通过线性回归模型分析防护行为强度的影响因素, 结果表明, 感知到的风险、感知到的行为障碍和感知到的行为有效性对大气污染健康防护行为的强度有显著影响, 该结论符合公共卫生服务领域解释健康防护行为的基本框架。研究结果可为借鉴公共卫生服务领域的知识进行环境领域的政策设计、解决环境风险问题的合理性提供依据。     

The Effect of Transportation and Housing Subsidies on Urban Sprawl

This paper analyses theoretically the effect of transportation and housing subsidies on urban sprawl,modal choice decisions and urban spatial structure using a spatial general equilibrium model in a monocentric city with two transport modes. Our analysis shows that public transit subsidy leads to urban shrink,whilst subsidizing automobile and housing make the city sprawl. We also find the effects of the other factors on urban sprawl,such as households income and demand,rural land rent,the income tax rate,the total fixed cost of public transit and automobile and the travelling marginal cost of public transit and automobile. Furthermore,this paper also studies how to maximize the urban-area-wide spatial equilibrium utility level.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肝恶性肿瘤对肝功能的影响

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗肝恶性肿瘤患者对肝功能的影响.方法选取60例肝恶性肿瘤患者作为本组观察病例,分别在术前、术后1d、7d、3周及6周时对患者进行肝功能检测,并对结果进行对比分析.结果术后1d及术后7d的ALT,TBIL,DBIL均明显高于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后其余各项指标与术前相比均无明显差异,无统计学意义(P0.05).结论 TACE治疗后短期内对肝恶性肿瘤患者的肝功能有较大影响,在治疗后要注意加强对患者肝功能的保护.     

Benthic foraminiferal δ~(13)C minimum events in the southeastern Okhotsk Sea over the last 180 ka

A total of six d13C minimum events,i.e.,VI,V,IV,III,II,and I,were observed via a stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of infaunal benthic foraminifera Uvigerina spp.in gravity core OS03-1 in the southeastern Okhotsk Sea over the last 180 ka.These events occurred at112–109,102–90,85–76,57–54,44–40,and 17–10 ka BP.The largest negative excursions reached 2.5%in event V and were greater than 1%in the other events.We proposed that all d13C minimum events were caused by the increase in sea surface water productivity,the weakened formation of Okhotsk Sea intermediate water,and the enhancement of the oxygen minimum zone.The negative excursions were unaffected by methane hydrate destabilization and subsequent methane release based on the results obtained by using archaeal lipid markers.     

Abnormal kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism in cardiovascular diseases

Kynurenine pathway (KP) is the primary path of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism in most mammalian cells. The KP generates several bioactive catabolites, such as kynurenine (Kyn), kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), xanthurenic acid (XA), and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA). Increased catabolite concentrations in serum are associated with several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart disease, atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as their risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and aging. The first catabolic step in KP is primarily controlled by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Following this first step, the KP has two major branches, one branch is mediated by kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and kynureninase (KYNU) and is responsible for the formation of 3-HK, 3-HAA, and quinolinic acid (QA); and another branch is controlled by kynurenine amino-transferase (KAT), which generates KA. Uncontrolled Trp catabolism has been demonstrated in distinct CVD, thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms by which regulates KP enzyme expression and activity is paramount. This review highlights the recent advances on the effect of KP enzyme expression and activity in different tissues on the pathological mechanisms of specific CVD, KP is an inflammatory sensor and modulator in the cardiovascular system, and KP catabolites act as the potential biomarkers for CVD initiation and progression. Moreover, the biochemical features of critical KP enzymes and principles of enzyme inhibitor development are briefly summarized, as well as the therapeutic potential of KP enzyme inhibitors against CVD is briefly discussed.     

略论蜀与滇的文化关系

我国西南地区部族众多,是典型的多民族地区。蜀与滇因为地域相邻,自古以来就关系密切。古蜀可能是西南地区最早创建的一个联盟之国,或称为宗主国。春秋战国时期,古蜀国的东方有巴国与楚国,北方有秦,这些都是当时势力比较强盛的列国。而在同时期的西南夷区域,夜郎与滇等依然是小邦,或者是"邑聚"之类的部族。古蜀国通过商贾与周边少数民族进行贸易以获取资源,此类商贸活动既有短程也有远程,产自于古蜀国的丝绸、青铜器、巴蜀的盐巴,以及其他很多物品,便通过商贸输入了滇国和西南夷地区,有些物品甚至经过远程贸易辗转贩卖到了南亚和中亚。与此同时,古蜀国成熟而高超的青铜铸造技术,也在商周之后随着商贸传入了滇国和西南夷地区。汉武帝大力经略西南夷,到东汉时期西南丝路已成为重要国际通道;后诸葛亮平定南中,有效地促进了汉族和西南各族的团结与融合,其意义是非常深远的。     

思维导图在教育领域的应用及对数学教育的启示

对2004—2013年思维导图在教育领域的应用研究进行了文献综述.通过对已有研究的整理得出,对数学教育的启示。     

试论滇文化青铜贮贝器的“纪念碑性”

中国的青铜时代又可称为“礼制艺术时代”。这一时期的时代特点是用青铜材料铸造各种“礼器”，这些礼器具有逐渐丰富的以政治和宗教为核心的“纪念碑性”，也可视之为另一种意义上的“纪念碑”。青铜贮贝器是滇文化时期的重器，其纪念碑性来源于铜鼓、铜桶等礼器，最初体现了滇人对权力与财富的占有。在此基础上表达了滇人在军事、宗教与社会生活等诸多方面的观念。从贮贝器纪念碑性产生、发展到衰落的历程可看出，滇文化时期的滇池区域也具有中国青铜时代的一般特点。     

中俄（NSFC-RFBR）基础研究合作现状分析和未来合作展望

本文回顾了2003—2012年中俄（NSFC-RFBR）双边合作项目的背景、类别与机制。对双边合作交流项目和双边研讨会项目资助情况进行了统计分析,总结了项目资助成果。针对存在的问题与不足进行了思考,并对加强双方未来合作的途径提出了若干建议。为双方进一步提升合作水平,促进实质性双边合作提供了信息参考。     

粒度组成对KR搅拌头用浇注料性能的影响

以Andreassen颗粒紧密堆积理论为基础,研究KR搅拌头外衬莫来石浇注料临界粒度和粒度组成对其密度、强度和热震稳定性的影响.结果表明,随着临界粒度的增大,浇注料干燥和烧结后冷态密度与强度均明显提高;临界粒度一定时,粒度组成对浇注料冷态密度、强度以及热震稳定性的影响基本一致,但临界粒度不同的浇注料试样达到最佳性能所对应的粒度组成并不完全相同;与冷态性能相比,浇注料热震稳定性受临界粒度的影响较小.