Characterization of polyphenol oxidase from plants

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) which can mediate browning reaction is a bifunctional copper-containing enzyme encoded by plant nucleolus gene. It usually leads to excessive browning reaction which reduces the coercial profits of fruits and vegetables. In this paper, PPO genes and enzymes in plants are characterized systematically, and the latest progress is reviewed. Some clonings of PPOs genes are reported; the specific temporal and spatial expression pattern of PPOs genes is described; the model of the structure of the precursor form of catechol oxidase is introduced; the possible functions of PPOs in defending against pathogen, wounding, surrounding stress and other inducing factors are demonstrated; the induction and activation of latent PPOs in some plants is elucidated; the scheme of browning inhibition by L-cysteine is clarified; the mechanism of suicide inhibition of latent PPO and kinetic synergism are established. Furthermore, the area for future study is also discussed.     

Effects of Ca on the distribution, structure and morphology of aluminum species in polyaluminum chloride

The flocculation efficiency of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is closely related to the distribution and structure of its AI species, and Al13 is the optimal species in PAC for flocculation. A series of PAC containing Ca was prepared by adding Ca before and after the basifying reaction. The effects of Ca on the Al species were studied by ^27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques. The experimental results show that the introduction of Ca increases the content of Alm and Al13 in PAC and decreases their chemical shifts in NMR spectra due to the electric repulsion between the positive Ca species and AI species and the formation of AI-O-Ca complexes.With the rise of Ca/AI molar ratio, the AI species in PAC tend to scatter. It is observed that the formerly branch-aggregated clusters are tending to form granule-aggregated ones whose diameter gets smaller and smaller, and the floccule aggregates are formed at a higher Ca/Al molar ratio. The introduction of Ca to PAC, which increases the Al13 content, is certainly to enhance the flocculation efficiency of PAC in water treatment.     

对流边界层顶部夹卷速度参数化的分析研究

应用 1979年 7月美国CIRCE试验边界层观测资料对两个夹卷速度参数化方案进行了对比验证 ,结果表明 :基于简单夹卷层结构模型的参数化方案we/w =A·Ri- 1 只适用于自由对流边界层 ,当对流边界层中存在较强机械湍流时 ,该方案变得不再适用 ;而基于“侵吞模型”的参数化方案we/w =B·θ /(Γzi)则不仅适用于自由对流边界层 ,对于含有较强机械湍流的对流边界层也能较好地符合 ,因而具有较强的适用性 .当对流边界层受机械湍流和浮力湍流共同驱动时 ,仅以浮力对流速度w 表征混合层垂直湍流速度尺度是不恰当的 ,还应该包含机械湍流的贡献 .对比验证表明 ,这一改进非常有效 ,不仅使物理意义更加合理 ,也使夹卷速度参数化方案与实际大气状况符合得更好     

采用遗传算法的中轨区域通信星座优化设计

区域通信星座的研究具有重要的现实意义，给出一种利用遗传算法设计中轨区域通信星座的方法。首先分析、确定中轨通信星座优化涉及的轨道控制参数，然后讨论了星座覆盖性能的评价准则，对星座系统的轨道控制参数集进行二进制编码后，利用遗传算法来获得对服务区具有最佳覆盖性能的星座类型。为了验证该方法的有效性，选择我国本土的一块区域，以最大覆盖率为目标进行仿真，结果表明该方法可以在给定条件下获得性能良好的星座方案。     

基于多目标进化算法的低轨区域通信星座优化设计

研究利用进化算法实现低轨区域通信星座的多目标优化设计。首先分析、确定低轨星座优化的轨道控制参数，然后将基于Pareto最优概念的多目标进化算法引入星座优化中。结合星座覆盖性能的评价准则，给出了一种利用非劣分层遗传算法(NSGA—Ⅱ)实现星座轨道控制参数优化的框架。最后对具体实例进行了优化仿真，结果表明，该方法可以获得一组分布合理的Pareto解，为星座方案决策提供了有力的支持。     

万州区城镇居民实施全民健身计划现状

本文主要采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等,对万州区6个社区(街道办事处)全民健身活动的开展现状及其特点进行了调查和分析,提出未来发展的相应对策,希望能为改善万州区市民自我健身现状和全民健身计划纲要在万州的全面实施提供一些参考.     

锡表面Mo(W)-S-Sn彩色簇合物膜的组成与结构研究

通过(NH4)2Mo(W)S4溶液浸渍,在金属Sn表面获得了不溶性且具有金属光泽的Mo(W)-S-Sn彩色簇合物膜。FT-IR、F-IR、FT-Raman、XPS和AES研究表明,簇合物膜中存在Mo(W)-S-Sn、端基Mo(W)-S和端基Mo(W)-O键,膜层由Mo(W)、S、Sn和O元素组成,膜为多分子层结构,从AES深度分布曲线的组成恒定区求得了元素的相对原子百分数和膜层厚度。     

The Intelligent Decision Support System Model of SARS

Based on the intelligent decision support system, a new method was presented to defense the catastrophic infectious disease such as SARS, Bird Flu, etc.. By using All Set theory, the decision support system (DSS) model can be built to analyze the noise information and forecast the trend of the catastrophe then to give the method or policy to defend the disease. The model system is composed of four subsystems: the noise analysis subsystem, forecast and simulation subsystem, diagnosis subsystem and second recovery subsystem. They are discussed briefly in this paper. This model can be used not only for SARS but also for other paroxysmal accidences.     

Leaching Mechanism of Complicated Antimony-Lead Concentrate and Sulfur Formation in Slurry Electrolysis

Anodic reaction mechanism of complicated antimony-lead concentrate in slurry electrolysis was investigated by the anodic polarization curves determined under various conditions. The main reactions on the anode are the oxidations of FeCln^(2-n) . Though the oxidation of jamesonite particle on the anode can occur during the whole process, it is less. With the help of mineralogy studies and relevant tests, the leaching reaction mechanism of jameson[to and gudmundite during slurry electrolysis was ascertained. Because of the oxidation reaction of FeCl3 produced by antimony-lead concentrate itself, the non-oxidation complex acid dissolution of jameson[re, the oxidation complex acid dissolution of gudmundite, and the oxidation of air carried by stirring, the leaching ratio of antimony reaches about 35% when HCl-NH4Cl solution is used to leach antimony-lead concentrate directly. So when the theoretical electric quantity is given to oxidation of antimony in slurry electrolysis, all of antimony, lead and iron containing in antimony-lead concentrate, are leached. The formation of sulfur is through the directly redox reaction of Fe^3 and jameson[re. The S^2- in jamesonite is oxidized into S^0 , and forms the crystals of sulfur again on the spot. The redox reaction of Fe^3 and H2S formed by non-oxidative acid dissolution of jamesonite is less.     

动态改变惯性权重的新模式粒子群算法

针对标准粒子群算法在求解复杂优化问题时易陷入局部最优、收敛精度不高和收敛成功率低的不足,提出了一种改进的粒子群算法.通过算法所处的迭代阶段和粒子的分布情况动态改变惯性权重的值,并根据每个粒子的更新情况调整其飞行的起点.最后4个测试函数仿真结果表明,在求解复杂优化问题时,改进后算法的收敛精度和收敛成功率均有明显提高.