现代科学技术与物理学

本文阐述了现代科学技术发展的特点和趋势、物理学的发展对现代科技发展的推动作用以及现代科技发展对物理学教学提出的挑战．     

化学还原法扩展Fe—Cu系纳米合金fcc相固溶度的研究

利用化学还原法制备了含有少量硼的过饱和Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ固溶合金。ｆｃｃ相的固溶度被扩展至铁含量接近８０％，大大超过了用其它方法制备所能达到的固溶度，并且在退火过程中ｆｃｃ结构相当稳定。ｆｃｃ相的扩展以及相当高的稳定性与硼的存在有关。     

砷化镓HBT的VBIC模型研究

利用国际先进的2μm InGaP/GaAs HBT工艺加工生产线进行了晶体管芯片的加工,并在器件测试的基础上开展了模型参数的提取.所研究的模型主要是针对异质结双极晶体管器件HBT特别是砷化镓异质结双极晶体管器件,在对常用的几种器件模型,如EM模型、GP模型和VBIC模型的特点做比较的基础上,详细介绍了一种基于IC-CAP系统的准确提取VBIC模型的方法.利用提取的VBIC模型对所制备器件进行了模拟仿真,仿真结果与测试结果相比较二者可以很好吻合至20GHz.     

农村移民职业教育培训与万州区实施城市化战略的思考

重庆市万州区城市化战略能否顺利实现,除了受制于人口管理,就业机会、土地制度、政府职能等因素外,很大程度上取决于广大农村移民人口的科学文化素质和文明程度.区政府要从提高移民的自身素质和职业能力出发,加强"三教"统筹,发挥城市教育资源的优势,完善农村移民职业教育培训体系,加大对农村移民劳动力转移培训的扶持力度,通过各种形式的培训,促进农村移民的城市化转变.     

Bonding characteristics of the Al2O3-metal composite coating fabricated onto carbon steel by combustion synthesis

The fabrication of an alumina-metal composite coating onto a carbon steel substrate by using a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis technique was demonstrated. The effects of the type and thickness of the pre-coated layer on the binding structure and surface quality of the coating were systematically investigated. The macrostructure, phase composition, and bonding interface between the coating and the substrate were investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The diffraction patterns indicated that the coating essentially consisted of α-Al₂O₃, Fe(Cr), and FeO·Al₂O₃. With an increase in the thickness of the pre-coated working layer, the coating became more smooth and compact. The transition layer played an important role in enhancing the binding between the coating and the substrate. When the pre-coated working layer was 10 mm and the pre-coated transition layer was 1 mm, a compact structure and metallurgical bonding with the substrate were obtained. Thermal shock test results indicated that the ceramic coating exhibited good thermal shock resistance when the sample was rapidly quenched from 800°C to room temperature by plunging into water.     

Direct determination of trace silicon in lanthanum oxide by using a selective volatility and slurry sampling-FETV-ICP-AES

A new method for determination of trace sillicon in high purity lanthanum oxide by using electrothermal vaporization (ETV)-ICP-AES with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) slurry as a fluorinating reagent has been proposed. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the fluorination reactions of analyte (Si) and matrix(La) with PTFE in the graphite furnace took place at high temperature, and the fractional volatilily between Si and La was observed. Based on this principle the matrix interference could be eliminated. The detection limit of Si was 4.0μg·L⁻¹, and the RSD was 3.4%(C=0.2mg·L⁻¹,n=10). The procedure proposed has been applied successfully to determine trace Si in La₂O₃ without any chemical pre-treatment. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Qin Yongchao: born in Dec. 1953, ph. D., Assciate Professor     

用萃取法分离包头稀土矿硫酸浸出液中的铁

研究了用萃取法直接从包头硫酸浸出液中分离稀土与铁，稀土的回收率达到９９％以上；分离后的溶液Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）＜０．０１１ｇ／ｌ，避免了用沉淀法除铁时，由于稀土共沉而损失１０％的稀土。同时还提出了萃合物的组成。     

黔北地区牛蹄塘组页岩储层裂缝特征

以黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩储层为研究对象,通过岩心、薄片、场发射扫描电镜和测试分析等手段,对牛蹄塘组页岩储层裂缝发育特征和主控因素进行了分析.结果表明:研究区牛蹄塘组页岩岩心裂缝以构造裂缝为主,包括高角度剪性裂缝、高角度张性裂缝、低角度滑脱缝,岩心裂缝充填程度较高,以方解石充填为主;镜下微观裂缝以非构造缝为主,包括...     

轻骨料纤维喷射混凝土动态力学特性试验

为提高轻骨料喷射混凝土喷层支护承受动态抗压强度能力,以普通C20喷射混凝土配比为基准,将3种不同掺量的陶粒与聚丙烯纤维进行组合,配制出了9组轻骨料纤维喷射混凝土(lightweight aggregate fiber shotcrete,LAFS),进行了一维分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)冲击及扫描电镜(SEM)试验,同时借助MATLAB数值计算软件,拟合出陶粒-聚丙烯纤维掺量与LAFS动态抗压强度预测模型.研究表明:陶粒掺量与聚丙烯纤维掺量对LAFS动态抗压强度的影响是交互的,同陶粒掺量下,不同的聚丙烯纤维掺量,对LAFS动态压缩性能有很大差异,反之亦然;混凝土基体中均匀分布的陶粒与乱向分布的聚丙烯纤维网,与混凝土基体共同受力,使得LAFS应力-应变曲线屈服平台明显、韧性增强;本试验条件下陶粒与聚丙烯纤维掺量较好的组合为:49.81 kg/m3 +0.91 kg/m3、99.67 kg/m3+ 1.82 kg/m3.拟合得到的LAFS动态抗压强度模型与研究成果可为LAFS推广及配合比确定起到参考.