基于铁磁共振的超材料研究进展

以左手材料为代表的,具有超常介电常数和磁导率的介质材料(超材料)已经成为材料领域的研究热点.目前,大多数超常电磁介质都是基于复杂人工结构获得.随着超材料的发展,其面临着加工技术的挑战以及物理学、材料学等方面的困难.旋磁材料铁磁共振可实现本征负磁导率的现象为构造新型超材料提供了一个新方向.基于铁磁共振的超材料具有磁场可调、结构简单等特点,受到了越来越多的关注.本文对铁磁共振原理进行了简单概述,就结构复合情况对基于铁磁共振的超常介质材料进行了归类划分,并结合周济课题组的研究工作,对几类主要的旋磁材料基超材料中负磁导率和负介电常数的产生机理与实验成果进行了总结,以期为超材料的研究提供新的思路.     

Convergent dental adaptations in pseudo-tribosphenic and tribosphenic mammals

Tribosphenic molars of basal marsupials and placentals are a major adaptation, with the protocone (pestle) of the upper molar crushing and grinding in the talonid basin (mortar) on the lower molar. The extinct pseudo-tribosphenic mammals have a reversed tribosphenic molar in which a pseudo-talonid is anterior to the trigonid, to receive the pseudo-protocone of the upper molar. The pseudo-protocone is analogous to the protocone, but the anteriorly placed pseudo-talonid is opposite to the posterior talonid basin of true tribosphenic mammals. Here we describe a mammal of the Middle Jurassic period with highly derived pseudo-tribosphenic molars but predominantly primitive mandibular and skeletal features, and place it in a basal position in mammal phylogeny. Its shoulder girdle and limbs show fossorial features similar to those of mammaliaforms and monotremes, but different compared with those of the earliest-known Laurasian tribosphenic (boreosphenid) mammals. The find reveals a much greater range of dental evolution in Mesozoic mammals than in their extant descendants, and strengthens the hypothesis of homoplasy of 'tribosphenic-like' molars among mammals.     

De Casteljau Algorithm and Degree Elevation of Toric Surface Patches

De Casteljau algorithm and degree elevation of Bézier and NURBS curves/surfaces are two important techniques in computer aided geometric design. This paper presents the de Casteljau algorithm and degree elevation of toric surface patches, which include tensor product and triangular rational Bézier surfaces as special cases. Some representative examples of toric surface patches with common shapes are illustrated to verify these two algorithms. Moreover, the authors also apply the degree elevation of toric surface patches to isogeometric analysis. And two more examples show the effectiveness of proposed method.     

认知生成主义的方法论意义

生成主义是认知生态学奉行的认知研究纲领,它超越了传统的认知主义和联结主义。作为一种全新的认知哲学观,它在方法论上超越了传统的客观主义和建构主义,它自身蕴涵了以欧陆现象学和东方佛学静心修持传统为代表的第一人称方法,以生物学方法和动力学方法为代表的第三人称方法,以及基于一三人称整合的、以丹尼特的异类现象学和瓦雷拉的神经现象学为代表的第二人称方法,这是它特有的三种方法论。     

Mutations in the RNA exosome component gene EXOSC3 cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia and spinal motor neuron degeneration

RNA exosomes are multi-subunit complexes conserved throughout evolution and are emerging as the major cellular machinery for processing, surveillance and turnover of a diverse spectrum of coding and noncoding RNA substrates essential for viability. By exome sequencing, we discovered recessive mutations in EXOSC3 (encoding exosome component 3) in four siblings with infantile spinal motor neuron disease, cerebellar atrophy, progressive microcephaly and profound global developmental delay, consistent with pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1 (PCH1; MIM 607596). We identified mutations in EXOSC3 in an additional 8 of 12 families with PCH1. Morpholino knockdown of exosc3 in zebrafish embryos caused embryonic maldevelopment, resulting in small brain size and poor motility, reminiscent of human clinical features, and these defects were largely rescued by co-injection with wild-type but not mutant exosc3 mRNA. These findings represent the first example of an RNA exosome core component gene that is responsible for a human disease and further implicate dysregulation of RNA processing in cerebellar and spinal motor neuron maldevelopment and degeneration.     

基于目标高斯分布的定位系统节点最优部署方法

针对三维空间定位系统中目标位置服从高斯先验分布假设条件下节点最优部署问题,分析了纯方位目标定位算法中估计误差的费希尔信息矩阵,推导出基于目标先验分布的克拉美罗界(Cramer-Rao bound,CRB).为了解决目标位置在任意高斯分布时,协方差矩阵为非对角阵的问题,提出了基于三维坐标旋转的最大后验概率估计方法,将协方...     

考虑施工过程影响的PCCP地震响应分析

为了研究地震作用下施工过程对预应力钢筒混凝土管(PCCP)的影响,建立考虑PCCP施工过程影响的非线性有限元模型,利用生死单元技术实现PCCP从地应力平衡到施加预应力钢丝预应力、铺设管道,再到回填回填土过程的有限元分析,以压实度作为衡量回填土施工质量的指标,基于黏弹性人工边界理论、等效节点力地震动输入法以及静-动力边界...     

多岩性储集层暂堵压裂缝高扩展特征试验研究

针对多岩性组合储集层的裂缝高度扩展问题,通过制备不同岩性的人工试样,并开展了室内压裂物理模拟试验,同时加入暂堵剂,分析不同岩性差异、射孔位置及排量下的水力压裂缝高扩展特征,创新了试样压后三维裂缝重构方法。结果表明：不同岩性组合试样下的主要缝高截止机制由岩石力学性质所决定,高杨氏模量岩层会阻挡缝高穿层。当层间力学性质差异较小时,裂缝发生转向扩展突破,缝高发生穿层;当层间力学性质差异较大时,裂缝扩展限制于同一岩层,缝高难以突破岩层界面。低排量下,缝高截止于应力区分界面,暂堵压裂后,裂高继续延伸突破高应力区;高排量下,裂缝沿最小主应力横向扩展,加入暂堵剂发生,裂缝转向形成新的裂缝。当射孔位置居上时,试样缝高倾向于向上扩展,暂堵压裂后形成新的起裂点;射孔位置居下,缝高扩展贯穿整个试样,暂堵压裂后形成相平行的新裂缝。研究结果为多岩性组合储集层现场压裂方案设计提供了室内试验指导。     

六棱柱滚筒冷渣机传热效率影响研究

冷渣机是CFB（circulating fluidized bed）锅炉的重要辅机,其传热效率对CFB锅炉的连续稳定运行发挥着重要作用,为了进一步分析颗粒传热效率的关系。以一种多管式六棱柱滚筒冷渣机为研究载体,冷渣管内高温灰渣颗粒为研究对象,基于离散元方法及其数值模型,运用商用软件EDEM（extended discrete element method）来模拟分析高温灰渣颗粒在冷渣管内的传热过程。将颗粒温度T规范化处理为量纲温度T?,以平均温度、温度概率密度函数T-PDF和颗粒运动规律为指标定量分析滚筒转速和颗粒直径对灰渣颗粒传热过程的影响。其中,六棱柱冷渣管边长L=200 mm,长500 mm,壁厚10 mm,管初始温度360 K,颗粒初始温度1200 K。结果表明：颗粒的传热效率随着转速的增加而增加,n=10 r/min相对于n=4 r/min的散热效率增加了61.1%;颗粒的传热效率随着粒径的增大而减小,d=5 mm相对于d=3 mm散热效率的下降了30.7%。转速是通过翻转次数来影响传热效率,粒径是影响接触点碰撞次数来影响传热效率。     

基于组合权重的模糊可变模型及在防洪风险评价中应用

针对以往防洪工程体系风险评价中多采用主观权重法确定各评价指标权重的不足,提出基于主客观组合权重的模糊可变模式识别模型.模型采用投影寻踪法计算客观权重,在投影目标函数中引入信息熵,投影值计算采用可变模糊集模型,从而增加了模型的可靠性.对于主客观权重的组合方法,模型采用最小鉴别信息原理推导出主客观权重组合公式.计算实例表明,该模型能较好地考虑评价指标的主客观权重,模型识别结果稳定、有效.