Reconstruction of flood events over the last 150 years in the lower reaches of the Changjiang River

The reconstruction of paleofloods in the Holocene has become one research highlight for the present global change study. The core sediments from one newly-emerged bar in the lower Changjiang River (Yangtze River) mainstream were collected for grain size and organic elemental measurements, with aim to reconstruct the flood events over the past 150 years. Major grain size parameters such as mean grain size, probability cumulative curve and C-M diagram of the core sediments clearly indicate the flood event deposition. Furthermore, the TOC/TN ratios in the sediments can indicate flood events considering that during the flash floods, strong surface erosion in the upper and lower reaches of the Changjiang River can transport a large amount of undecomposed plant debris and organic components with relatively low C/N ratios into the lower mainstream. Based on 210Pb dating and sedimentary geochemical results, the research profile recorded several large floods happened from 1850 to 1954, which agrees well with the historical documents and hydrological observations. Interesting to note that the flood events since the 1960s cannot be distinctly recognized on the basis of sediment grain size and organic elemental compositions of the profile, which mainly reflects the intensive human activities over the last fifty years, especially condense dam construction, have significantly changed the characters of suspended sediment into the lower mainstream.     

堇青石质整体式催化剂的制备及其催化噻吩加氢脱硫性能

采用涂敷法将工业加氢脱硫催化剂(FH UDS)负载到草酸预处理过的堇青石上,制得堇青石基负载FH-UDS新型整体式催化剂,用XRD、N2吸附脱附、SEM和XPS等分析手段对所制备催化剂的结构进行了表征,并以噻吩加氢脱硫为模型反应,基于高压固定床反应装置,对所制备催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)性能进行了实验研究。结果表明,酸处理增大了堇青石的比表面积,使其Mg、Al含量急剧减少,但未改变其物相结构;堇青石预处理条件、活性胶的pH值以及扩孔剂的加入对催化剂性能影响较大。在满足机械强度要求情况下,堇青石预处理时的酸浓度越大,煮沸时间越长,涂敷效果越好,催化剂的HDS活性越好;由质量分数50%草酸煮沸4 h的堇青石、pH=3的活性胶制备的催化剂具有较好的加氢脱硫活性,当反应温度为350℃时,噻吩的转化率已达到95%;在活性胶中加入尿素扩孔剂有利于催化剂活性的提高,反应温度较低时,此作用更显著。当反应温度为300?℃和325?℃时,噻吩的转化率分别由66%,78%提高到77%,91%。     

A new bone repair scaffold combined with chitosan/ hydroxyapatite and sustained releasing icariin

Icariin, a plant-derived flavonol glycoside, has been proved as an osteoinductive agent for bone tissue engineering. A new bone repair scaffold was generated by thorough mixing of icariin and chitosan/ hydroxyapatite （icariin-CS/HA） using freeze-drying technigue. Characteristics of morphology, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, drug release behavior and bone repair abilities in vivo were evaluated. The results show that drug loading process of icariin did not affect physical structure of CS/HA composite significantly but decreased mechanical properies of CS/HA composite, which happened with a high dosage; icariin-CS/HA had favorable cell compatibility and promoted osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs; the controlled release of icariin was satisfactory and the release retained after 90 d in vitro. In addition, icariin-CS/HA scaffolds had favorable osteoconduction and osteoinduction in vivo, and could fill bone defect sites and stimulate newborn bone tissues formation at early stage. On the basis of these data, icariin-CS/HA is believed to be an optical bone repair scaffold for tissue engineering.     

离子存储、冷却及在量子频标中的应用

首先回顾了量子频标中离子存储和冷却的基本原理,介绍了用分子动力学计算得到的十二极阱中离子的分布和加热速率的结果.然后在此结果基础上,计算了十二极阱射频加热效应和离子微运动对频标造成的影响.相比传统的四极阱,一方面十二极阱可以降低离子云的加热速率,有利于利用Ramsey脉冲进一步压窄离子谱线线宽;另外,十二极阱内势场中部平坦边缘陡峭,可有效降低离子微运动带来的二级多普勒效应,有利于提高离子频标的准确度和稳定性.该文还介绍了美国JPL实验室高稳定性、高准确度、199Hg+离子钟的工作,以及我们正在开展的基于多极阱中激光冷却的113Cd+离子的高稳定性量子频标的工作.     

光敏色素B介导光信号影响水稻的脱落酸途径

研究表明,拟南芥中光敏色素介导的光信号与植物激素脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)途径相互作用.但水稻光敏色素与ABA途径之间是否相互影响仍不清楚.利用野生型和phyB突变体水稻作为研究材料,分析phyB介导的光信号对ABA生物代谢和ABA反应的影响.结果表明,ABA合成代谢相关基因OsNCED1,OsNCED2,OsNCED3和OsNCED4在phyB突变体中的表达水平明显高于野生型,而ABA降解代谢基因OsABAOX1则相反,这可能解释了phyB突变体积累较多内源ABA的原因.外源ABA处理明显抑制黑暗和光照下生长的水稻种子的萌发,但光照条件下ABA对phyB突变体种子萌发的抑制效果更明显.据此推测,phyB感受的光信号消弱了ABA对种子萌发的抑制效果.通过分析部分已报道的种子萌发相关基因在正常或ABA处理的野生型和phyB突变体中的表达水平,结果表明,phyB介导的光信号对水稻种子萌发的调控作用可能与这些基因无关.此外,在红光条件下,ABA处理能够抑制水稻幼苗地上部分的生长,野生型和phyB突变体对ABA处理的反应基本相同;但是ABA对phyB突变体主根生长的抑制效果显著高于野生型,这个结果表明phyB介导的光信号不影响ABA对水稻幼苗地上部分生长的抑制效果,但负调控ABA对主根生长的抑制效果.上述研究结果表明,phyB介导的光信号负调控水稻ABA的积累和ABA反应.本研究揭示了水稻光敏色素对ABA途径的影响,为深入研究光信号途径和ABA途径之间协同调控水稻发育的分子机制奠定了基础.     

LaNi5＋TiF0.9Mn0．1合金的贮氢性能

用冶炼法合成LaNi5＋TiFe0.5Mn0.1复合贮氢合金，研究了LaNi5＋TiF0.5，Mn0.1合金的贮氢性能。研究结果表明：由于TiFe.9Mn0.1合金的加入，可有效地降低LaNi5的平台压力；当TiFe0.5Mn0.1的质量分数为15％左右时，放氢曲线中出现两个平台；TiFe0.9Mn0.1的质量分数趋于25％时，它的平台压力又逐渐升高，贮氢量逐渐增大，温度升高则第二个平台消失，贮氢量降低。该合金适用于低温贮氢。     

SAPO-34和MeAPSO-34分子筛的合成及催化性能

采用水热合成法制备了具有CHA骨架结构的SAPO-34和MeAPSO-34(Me=Ni、Zn、Fe、Cu和Ni-Zn)分子筛。以甲醇裂解制取低碳烯烃(MTO)为模型反应,采用固定床反应装置,对所制备的分子筛进行了催化性能评价。结果表明,所制备的MeAPSO-34分子筛具有比SAPO-34分子筛更高的乙烯选择性和乙烯与丙烯总选择性,且Ni-Zn双金属改性比单金属改性更有利于乙烯与丙烯总选择性的提高,但金属离子的添加会导致丙烯选择性的降低。与SAPO-34相比,单金属Ni的加入可使乙烯的选择性增加7.7%(由SAPO-34的40.7%增加至NiAPSO-34的48.4%),乙烯与丙烯总选择性增加2.5%;而双金属Ni-Zn的加入可使乙烯的选择性增加6.5%,乙烯与丙烯总选择性增加3.2%。     

量子通信现状与展望

本文综述量子通信基本原理、方法、技术手段与应用.介绍量子保密通信基本协议和诱骗态方法,以及基于纠缠分发的量子通信,含基于纠缠光子对的量子保密通信、量子态隐性传输、纠缠光子对操控等.介绍量子通信的技术与应用现状并对未来发展方向做展望.     

硝酸胶溶剂对MCM-22分子筛催化剂性能的影响

以硝酸为胶溶剂,采用挤条成型工艺制备了一系列MCM-22分子筛催化剂,并采用颗粒强度仪、热重天平以及氮吸附脱附-压汞方法等手段对其物理化学性质进行表征,系统考察了硝酸用量MCM-22 分子筛颗粒强度、总酸量和孔道结构等性质的影响。表征结果表明,分子筛颗粒强度随成型过程中硝酸用量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,最高颗粒强度对应的硝酸用量质量分数约10%;随硝酸胶溶剂用量的增加,分子筛总酸量增加,比表面积逐渐增大,孔容先增后减。以苯和丙烯烷基化合成异丙苯为模型反应,分别采用气-液半连续和液-液连续两种操作方式对所制备分子筛的催化性能进行了实验评价。评价结果表明,当硝酸质量分数小于20%时,分子筛催化剂的活性随成型过程硝酸用量的增加而增加,当硝酸质量分数为10%时,异丙苯的选择性最大。