Primary Sn-rich titianite in the Qitianling granite, Hunan Province, southern China: An important type of tin-bearing mineral and its implications for tin exploration

The Qitianling calc-alkaline granite in Hunan Province (South China) has attracted much attention since the discovery of the Furong super-large tin deposit. The present study provides new mineralogical data to address their implications for exploration of tin deposits. In the Taoxiwo granite in the southeastern part of the Qitianling granite body, Sn-rich titanite was identified as an important type of Sn-bearing mineral. The titanite commonly occurs with biotite as euhedral crystals, exhibiting typical envelope-like shape and sector-zoning texture. These indicate that the titanite most likely crystallized in the magmatic stage. Electron-microprobe analyses show that the titanite is enriched in tin up to 1.12 wt% SnO₂, with an average of 0.43 wt%. With the crystallization of the granite, primary minerals undertook hydrothermal alteration by magma-derived fluids. Subsequently, in the hydrothermal stage, the primary Sn-bearing titanite was altered (at least partially), but still preserved its typical envelope-shaped outline. Micro-scale cassiterite is a representative product of such alteration; other secondary minerals include fluorite, ilmenite, Sn-bearing rutile and quartz. Therefore, the titanite, commonly present in the calcalkaline granites, can be treated as an important Sn-carrying mineral in the Qitianling granite, reflecting the primary magmatic environment with tin enrichment. The hydrothermal alteration of the primary titanite and subsequent crystallization of cassiterite recorded a process of leaching and accumulation of tin in magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the Sn-bearing granite. Thus, this titanite has important implications for tin exploration. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40730423 and 40221301) and Project of China Geological Survey (Grant No. 1212010632100)     

产业集聚对江苏FDI技术外溢的影响研究

江苏是我国经济增长最快的地区之一,以其优越的地理位置和丰富的资源优势吸引大量外资流入.然而庞大的外商直接投资对经济发展究竟有何种影响却不明确,产业集聚作为影响外资流入的重要因素,对FDI技术外溢的影响也不得而知.为了能更好地促进江苏经济发展,文章运用江苏省2003-2010年间规模以上制造业30个行业的面板数据,利用DEAP2.1和Eviews6.0软件分析了FDI、产业集聚和技术进步之间的关系.结果显示:江苏省引进的外商直接投资存在正的技术溢出效应,但是相关行业的产业集聚抑制了FDI的技术溢出.     

Variable diffusion boundary layer and diffusion flux at sediment-water interface in response to dynamic forcing over an intertidal mudflat

The diffusion boundary layer (DBL) significantly limits the exchange between sediment and overlying water and therefore becomes a bottleneck of diffusive vertical flux at the sediment-water interface (SWI). Variable DBL thickness and diffusion flux in response to dynamic forcing may influence replenishment of nutrients and secondary pollution in coastal waters. In situ measurements of velocity in the bottom boundary layer (BBL) and oxygen concentration in the DBL were made over an intertidal mudflat, using an acoustic Doppler current and mini profiler. A linear distributed zone in the oxygen profile, the profile slope discontinuity and variance of concentration can be used to derive accurate DBL thickness. Diffusion fluxes calculated from the water column and sediment are identical, and their bias is less than 6%. A numerical model PROFILE is used to simulate the in situ dissolved oxygen profile, and layered dissolved oxygen consumption rates in the sediment are calculated. The DBL thickness (0.10-0.35 mm) and diffusion flux (15.4-53.6 mmol m 2 d 1) vary with a factor of 3.5 during a tidal period. Over an intertidal mudflat, DBL thickness is controlled by flow speed U in the BBL, according to δDBL=1686.1DU 1+0.1 (D is the molecular diffusion coefficient). That is, the DBL thickness δDBL increases with decreasing flow speed U. Changes of diffusion flux at the SWI are caused by variations in the water above the sediment and the turbulent mixing intensity. The diffusion flux is positively related to the turbulent dissipation rate, friction velocity and turbulent energy. Under the influence of dynamics in the BBL, DBL thickness and flux vary significantly.     

五参胶囊镇静催眠作用及其机制的实验研究

目的观察五参胶囊(Wu Shen Capsules,WSh C)对小鼠镇静催眠作用的影响,并探讨其作用机制.方法将ICR小鼠随机分为对照组、五参胶囊高剂量组、中剂量组和低剂量组.五参胶囊高剂量组用药量为200 mg/(kg·d~(-1)),中剂量组用药量为100 mg/(kg·d~(-1)),低剂量组用药量为50 mg/(kg·d~(-1)),给药时间为15 d,于给药结束后进行小鼠自主活动实验和协同戊巴比妥钠阈上剂量睡眠时间实验,测定5 min内各组小鼠的活动次数和站立次数,记录各组小鼠的睡眠潜伏期和睡眠持续时间.采用酶联免疫吸附法检测小鼠下丘脑5-羟色胺(5-Hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid,5-HIAA)、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)、谷氨酸(glutamine,Glu)含量,并计算5-HIAA/5-HT比值及Glu/GABA比值.结果与对照组比较,WSh C各给药组小鼠活动次数减少,睡眠潜伏期缩短,睡眠持续时间延长(P0.01),WSh C能升高小鼠下丘脑5-HIAA含量和5-HIAA/5-HT比值,降低Glu含量和Glu/GABA比值.结论 WSh C具有明显镇静催眠作用,其机制可能与调节中枢兴奋性和抑制性神经递质有关.     

Mechanism of brittle-ductile transition of a glass-ceramic rigid substrate

The hardness, elastic modulus, and scratch resistance of a glass-ceramic rigid substrate were measured by nanoindentation and nanoscratch, and the fracture toughness was measured by indentation using a Vickers indenter. The results show that the hardness and elastic modulus at a peak indentation depth of 200 nm are 9.04 and 94.70 GPa, respectively. These values reflect the properties of the glass-ceramic rigid substrate. The fracture toughness value of the glass-ceramic rigid substrate is 2.63 MPa·m1/2. The material removal mechanisms are seen to be directly related to normal force on the tip. The critical load and scratch depth estimated from the scratch depth profile after scratching and the friction profile are 268.60 mN and 335.10 nm, respectively. If the load and scratch depth are under the critical values, the glass-ceramic rigid substrate will undergo plastic flow rather than fracture. The formula of critical depth of cut described by Bifnao et al. is modified based on the difference of critical scratch depth     

Design and fabrication of superconducting HEB mixer

This paper describes the design and fabrication of superconducting hot electron bolometer （HEB） mixer based on ultra-thin superconducting NbN films. The high quality films were epitaxially grown on high resistance Si substrates. The device was fabricated by magnetron sputtering, electron beam lithography （EBL）, reactive ion etching （RIE）, lithography, and so on. The device＇s resistance-temperature （R-T） curves and current-voltage （I-V） curves were studied. The results of THz response of the device are presented. Y-factor technique was used to measure the device＇s noise temperature. When the device was irradiated with a laser radiation of 2.5 THz, the obtained lowest noise temperature of the device was 2213 K.     

美式期权定价问题罚函数法的欧拉-拉格朗日分裂格式

在求解多资产美式期权定价问题罚函数法的差分格式中首次引入欧拉-拉格朗日分裂技巧,使得在欧拉步中含罚函数项的方程可以准确求解,从而更好地解决了数值计算中期权值必须大于等于收益函数的问题.其次,在拉格朗日步中采用Crank-Nicholson格式,使得整体数值解的精度达到O(Δt2+h2).最后分别计算了单资产和多资产两个数值算例,数值结果均验证了新方法的有效性.     

Development of a middle and low latitude theoretical ionospheric model and an observation system data assimilation experiment

On the basis of previous work, we develop a middle and low latitude theoretical ionospheric model in this paper, named Theoretical Ionospheric Model of the Earth in the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences （TIME-IGGCAS）. TIME-IGGCAS solves the equations of mass continuity, motion and energy of electron and ions self-consistently and uses an eccentric dipole field approximation to the Earth＇s magnetic field. We combine the Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches in the model and take account of the plasma ExB drift velocity. Calculation results reveal that the model is steady and credible and can reproduce most large-scale features of ionosphere. By using TIME-IGGCAS, we carried out an observation system data assimilation experiment. Assimilation results show that the ExB drift velocity can be accurately estimated by ingesting the observed foF2 and hmF2 into the model applying nonlinear least-square fit method. We suggest that this work is of great significance in the development of ionospheric data assimilation model to give better nowcast and forecast of ionosphere.     

On Peer-Assisted Data Dissemination in Data Center Networks: Analysis and Implementation简

Data Center Networks （DCNs） are the fundamental infrastructure for cloud computing. Driven by the massive parallel computing tasks in cloud computing, one-to-many data dissemination becomes one of the most important traffic patterns in DCNs. Many architectures and protocols are proposed to meet this demand. However, these proposals either require complicated configurations on switches and servers, or cannot deliver an optimal performance. In this paper, we propose the peer-assisted data dissemination for DCNs. This approach utilizes the rich physical connections with high bandwidths and mutli-path connections, to facilitate efficient one-to-many data dissemination. We prove that an optimal P2P data dissemination schedule exists for FatTree, a specially- designed DCN architecture. We then present a theoretical analysis of this algorithm in the general multi-rooted tree topology, a widely-used DCN architecture. Additionally, we explore the performance of an intuitive line structure for data dissemination. Our analysis and experimental results prove that this simple structure is able to produce a comparable performance to the optimal algorithm. Since DCN applications heavily rely on virtualization to achieve optimal resource sharing, we present a general implementation method for the proposed algorithms, which aims to mitigate the impact of the potentially-high churn rate of the virtual machines.     

An Improved Identity-Based Society Oriented Signature Scheme with Anonymous Signers

In this paper, we present an improved identity-based society oriented signature scheme with anonymous signers, which satisfies： （1） when members leave or join an organization, the public verification key and the signature verification procedure are unchanged; （2） a user participates in several organizations at the same time, her secret key is only related with her identity. However, no previous schemes have these two properties.