Primary Sn-rich titianite in the Qitianling granite, Hunan Province, southern China: An important type of tin-bearing mineral and its implications for tin exploration

The Qitianling calc-alkaline granite in Hunan Province (South China) has attracted much attention since the discovery of the Furong super-large tin deposit. The present study provides new mineralogical data to address their implications for exploration of tin deposits. In the Taoxiwo granite in the southeastern part of the Qitianling granite body, Sn-rich titanite was identified as an important type of Sn-bearing mineral. The titanite commonly occurs with biotite as euhedral crystals, exhibiting typical envelope-like shape and sector-zoning texture. These indicate that the titanite most likely crystallized in the magmatic stage. Electron-microprobe analyses show that the titanite is enriched in tin up to 1.12 wt% SnO₂, with an average of 0.43 wt%. With the crystallization of the granite, primary minerals undertook hydrothermal alteration by magma-derived fluids. Subsequently, in the hydrothermal stage, the primary Sn-bearing titanite was altered (at least partially), but still preserved its typical envelope-shaped outline. Micro-scale cassiterite is a representative product of such alteration; other secondary minerals include fluorite, ilmenite, Sn-bearing rutile and quartz. Therefore, the titanite, commonly present in the calcalkaline granites, can be treated as an important Sn-carrying mineral in the Qitianling granite, reflecting the primary magmatic environment with tin enrichment. The hydrothermal alteration of the primary titanite and subsequent crystallization of cassiterite recorded a process of leaching and accumulation of tin in magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the Sn-bearing granite. Thus, this titanite has important implications for tin exploration. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40730423 and 40221301) and Project of China Geological Survey (Grant No. 1212010632100)     

西部矿区开采损害动态监测的新途径

针对西部矿区开采损害特征及常规地表变形监测方法的局限性,在介绍D-InSAR形变监测原理的基础上,尝试采用D-InSAR技术作为西部矿区开采损害动态监测的新途径。以陕西彬长矿区为研究区域,对该区域的雷达影像进行差分干涉数据处理,获得了该区域的差分干涉图、沉降分布图。实验显示,利用D-InSAR技术可以在大范围内(100km×100km)快速获取矿区的总体沉陷分布情况。     

Variable diffusion boundary layer and diffusion flux at sediment-water interface in response to dynamic forcing over an intertidal mudflat

The diffusion boundary layer (DBL) significantly limits the exchange between sediment and overlying water and therefore becomes a bottleneck of diffusive vertical flux at the sediment-water interface (SWI). Variable DBL thickness and diffusion flux in response to dynamic forcing may influence replenishment of nutrients and secondary pollution in coastal waters. In situ measurements of velocity in the bottom boundary layer (BBL) and oxygen concentration in the DBL were made over an intertidal mudflat, using an acoustic Doppler current and mini profiler. A linear distributed zone in the oxygen profile, the profile slope discontinuity and variance of concentration can be used to derive accurate DBL thickness. Diffusion fluxes calculated from the water column and sediment are identical, and their bias is less than 6%. A numerical model PROFILE is used to simulate the in situ dissolved oxygen profile, and layered dissolved oxygen consumption rates in the sediment are calculated. The DBL thickness (0.10-0.35 mm) and diffusion flux (15.4-53.6 mmol m 2 d 1) vary with a factor of 3.5 during a tidal period. Over an intertidal mudflat, DBL thickness is controlled by flow speed U in the BBL, according to δDBL=1686.1DU 1+0.1 (D is the molecular diffusion coefficient). That is, the DBL thickness δDBL increases with decreasing flow speed U. Changes of diffusion flux at the SWI are caused by variations in the water above the sediment and the turbulent mixing intensity. The diffusion flux is positively related to the turbulent dissipation rate, friction velocity and turbulent energy. Under the influence of dynamics in the BBL, DBL thickness and flux vary significantly.     

芳基三唑啉酮类除草剂三维定量构效关系研究

使用比较分子场分析法（ＣｏＭＦＡ）,对１８种抑制原卟啉原氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）的芳基三唑啉酮类化合物进行了三维定量构效关系（ＱＳＡＲ）研究,得到了具有较强预测能力的ＱＳＡＲ模型．该模型显示空间场和静电场效应在抑制ＰＰＯ活性方面均起重要作用,模型对进一步设计、合成具有更高活性的新型除草剂具有指导意义     

Al-Cu-Fe-Zn系准晶的形成规律研究

本文通过快速冷凝方法制得了Al-Cu-Fe-Zn系合金粉末。这种快冷合金粉末在室温下为准晶相和晶态相共存结构,当把粉末加热到773K左右时,晶态相开始消失并且转变为准晶相,加热到1000K晶态相基本上完全转变为准晶相,继续升温准晶相又逐渐减少,晶态相重新产生和增加。本文对Al-Cu-Fe-Zn系快冷合金粉末的加热相变、准晶形成规律、准晶的成分范围进行了详细的研究。     

分层并行计算模型

传统单一的并行计算模型变得越来越复杂,对并行计算各阶段针对性不强、指导能力差的特点,为此提出了对并行计算模型分层研究的思想,依此把并行计算模型分为并行算法设计模型、并行程序设计模型、并行程序执行模型三个层次,分别给出了各个模型的特点及研究内容．理论分析结果表明,通过分层,每个阶段的模型分工明确,目标单一,指导性强．     

快淬对贮氢合金组织和电化学性能的影响

通过XRD、TEM、DTA分析和电化学实验 ,研究了快淬对贮氢合金组织和电化学性能的影响。研究表明 ,成分均匀性改善和单胞体积减小是影响快淬贮氢合金电化学性能的主要因素 ,其中 ,前者使充放电循环稳定性提高 ,后者使放电容量降低。在本研究中 ,快淬速度为 10m/s时 ,合金成分的均匀性已较铸态有明显改善 ,更高的快淬速度并不能使成分的均匀性进一步大幅度提高 ,反而使单胞体积减小 ,因此 ,快淬速度为 10m/s时 ,快淬合金的综合电化学性能最佳。     

Mechanism of brittle-ductile transition of a glass-ceramic rigid substrate

The hardness, elastic modulus, and scratch resistance of a glass-ceramic rigid substrate were measured by nanoindentation and nanoscratch, and the fracture toughness was measured by indentation using a Vickers indenter. The results show that the hardness and elastic modulus at a peak indentation depth of 200 nm are 9.04 and 94.70 GPa, respectively. These values reflect the properties of the glass-ceramic rigid substrate. The fracture toughness value of the glass-ceramic rigid substrate is 2.63 MPa·m1/2. The material removal mechanisms are seen to be directly related to normal force on the tip. The critical load and scratch depth estimated from the scratch depth profile after scratching and the friction profile are 268.60 mN and 335.10 nm, respectively. If the load and scratch depth are under the critical values, the glass-ceramic rigid substrate will undergo plastic flow rather than fracture. The formula of critical depth of cut described by Bifnao et al. is modified based on the difference of critical scratch depth     

广州大学校园植物的合理配置与优化探讨

校园园林植物的合理规划与科学配置,对提高环境质量、建设美丽校园均具有极为重要的作用.本研究以广州大学校园植物为研究对象,于校园不同功能区选取典型区域作为样地,在调查统计样地植物的基础上,应用植物地理学的相关理论知识,分析探讨校园植物配置的存在问题,提出了相应的优化配置建议,以充分发挥园林植物的生态环境效应与人文效应,以及美化景观功能,改善校园环境,杜绝不合理配置现象,为大学校园园林建设提供参考.     

高速公路企业债务规模与结构优化模型

为了解决高速公路债务存在的诸如债务规模过大、债务结构不合理等一系列问题,在分析高速公路企业债务性融资方式的基础上,分别考虑了国内银行贷款融资、企业债券融资、国际金融组织和外国政府贷款的特点,对融资方式进行了分类.同时运用熵权法确定了各融资方式在债务总量中的权重.然后运用非线性目标规划构建了高速公路企业债务规模与结构优化模型.最后通过案例验证了模型的科学性和合理性,并针对计算结果进行了分析.