2类氨氧化菌的生态特性及其应用研究进展

氮素作为组成生物体的重要元素，一直以其独特的方式在自然界中循环。经典氮循环理论认为细菌的好氧氨氧化是氧化氨氮的唯一途径，然而，随着生物技术的发展，新的氮循环途径被不断发现，其中的古菌好氧氨氧化以及厌氧氨氧化过程，由于其突出的生态及工程应用重要性，成为学术界的研究热点。本文主要综述了氮循环新途径中的厌氧氨氧化以及古菌好氧氨氧化过程的发现及研究现状，并进一步探讨了这两类氨氧化菌的研究及应用前景。     

Lattice-Based Double-Authentication-Preventing Ring Signature for Security and Privacy in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Amidst the rapid development of the Internet of Things(IoT), Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETwork(VANET), a typical IoT application, are bringing an ever-larger number of intelligent and convenient services to the daily lives of individuals. However, there remain challenges for VANETs in preserving privacy and security. In this paper, we propose the first lattice-based Double-Authentication-Preventing Ring Signature(DAPRS) and adopt it to propose a novel privacy-preserving authentication scheme for VANETs, offering the potential for security against quantum computers. The new construction is proven secure against chosen message attacks. Our scheme is more efficient than other ring signature in terms of the time cost of the message signing phase and verification phase, and also in terms of signature length. Analyses of security and efficiency demonstrate that our proposed scheme is provably secure and efficient in the application.     

Two Innovative Coalition Formation Models for Dynamic Task Allocation in Disaster Rescues

This paper addresses the problem of multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation. In disaster rescue, due to the dynamics of environments, heterogeneity and complexity of tasks as well as limited available agents, it is hard for the single-objective and single (task)-to-single (agent) task allocation approaches to handle task allocation in such circumstances. To this end, two multi-objective coalition formation for task allocation models are proposed for disaster rescues in this paper. First, through coalition formation, the proposed models enable agents to cooperatively perform complex tasks that cannot be completed by single agent. In addition, through adjusting the weights of multiple task allocation objectives, the proposed models can employ the linear programming to generate more adaptive task allocation plans, which can satisfy different task allocation requirements in disaster rescue. Finally, through employing the multi-stage task allocation mechanism of the dynamic programming, the proposed models can handle the dynamics of tasks and agents in disaster environments. Experimental results indicate that the proposed models have good performance on coalition formation for task allocation in disaster environments, which can generate suitable task allocation plans according to various objectives of task allocation.     

实现船舶稳性的多油舱自适应调度算法及仿真

针对油舱对船舶浮态与稳性的影响，研究了保持船舶稳性的多油舱自适应调度控制算法，并用WinCC (Windows Control Center)组态软件编写了船舶自动浮态调整仿真系统。在系统架构上，采用布尔逻辑表构建了油舱、泵、管路之间的连通关系，并根据浮态方程计算出舱群之间的调驳油量，再根据多变量多约束的自适应优化调度算法实现了油舱驳油过程中浮态的平衡。仿真结果表明调度算法可以对船舶的浮态进行有效调整，并保持船舶稳性，避免了由油舱油量分布不均给船舶带来的不利影响，保障了航行安全。     

基于生成对抗网络的无载体信息隐藏

提出了一种基于生成对抗网络的无载体信息隐藏方法.发送方用伪装图像和Improved Wasserstein GAN生成一张与秘密图像相同的图像,发送方发送伪装图像,接收方收到伪装图像后用生成器生成和秘密图像视觉上相同的图像.与现有的信息隐藏方法相比,该方法不需要修改载体,能够有效地抵抗隐写分析工具的检测,能够达到秘密信息安全传输的目的.     

茶树草螺菌WT00C-Se发酵制备红色纳米单质硒

茶树草螺菌是从野外茶树中分离的一种革兰氏阴性内生细菌。茶树内生草螺菌WT00C在含200 mmol/L硒酸钠的LB培养基内37℃培养28 h后,收获、保存细菌并重新命名为茶树草螺菌WT00C-Se。将茶树草螺菌WT00C-Se重新接种至含200 mmol/L硒酸钠的LB培养基中培养,其生长抑制期和生长期缩短6 h,仅为原来茶树内生草螺菌WT00C菌株的一半。摇瓶培养和电镜观察都表明茶树草螺菌WT00C-Se仍拥有还原硒酸盐、生成红色纳米单质硒(Se~0)的能力。根据茶树草螺菌WT00C-Se的特性,进行红色纳米单质硒产率条件优化后发现:首先用含75 mmol/L硒酸钠的培养基活化茶树草螺菌WT00C-Se,然后按1∶100比例接种200 mmol/L硒酸钠LB培养基,并在37℃、200 r/min、pH 7. 0条件下培养,红色纳米单质硒产率较高且耗时短。依照优化条件,使用发酵罐发酵30 h,每升培养物可制备出560 mg纯净的红色单质硒。该研究结果不仅为利用微生物生产红色单质硒提供了一种全新的思路,而且为今后产业化提供了强有力的技术支撑。     

C2H2锌指蛋白药物递送技术的研发与应用

锌指蛋白是真核生物中广泛存在的转录因子，在基因的表达调控中起着重要作用。近期研究发现，C₂H₂类型的锌指蛋白(通过两个半胱氨酸和两个组氨酸螯合锌离子)可通过巨胞饮进入哺乳动物细胞。进一步的研究发现C₂H₂锌指蛋白可介导多种模式蛋白质及药物蛋白质的高效细胞递送，其细胞穿透效率亦高于传统的细胞穿膜肽。文章介绍了锌指蛋白的基本生物学信息和其细胞穿透特性，并讨论C₂H₂ 锌指蛋白在大分子药物递送中的应用。     

基于拉曼光谱和光学二次谐波的二硒化锡结构研究

二维层状半导体材料,尤其是少数原子层时,其光电性质与晶格结构密切相关,采用合适的表征方法是关键。本文通过使用机械剥离的方法,得到了不同层数的二硒化锡,并利用光学二次谐波和拉曼光谱的表征研究了其晶体结构的性质。通过二次谐波准确确定了二硒化锡的晶轴,分析了厚度对二次谐波的影响,为确定材料的晶格结构提供了一种纯光学的手段,同时为发现二硒化锡其他非线性光学性质提供了可能性。通过拉曼光谱,发现二硒化锡层间振动模式对厚度和温度变化均较为敏感,表明二硒化锡可应用于大范围内温度的原位监测。     

Apolipoprotein CIII hyperactivates β cell CaV1 channels through SR-BI/β1 integrin-dependent coactivation of PKA and Src

Apolipoprotein CIII (ApoCIII) not only serves as an inhibitor of triglyceride hydrolysis but also participates in diabetes-related pathological events such as hyperactivation of voltage-gated Ca²⁺ (Ca_V) channels in the pancreatic β cell. However, nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms whereby ApoCIII hyperactivates β cell Ca_V channels. We now demonstrate that ApoCIII increased Ca_V1 channel open probability and density. ApoCIII enhanced whole-cell Ca²⁺ currents and the Ca_V1 channel blocker nimodipine completely abrogated this enhancement. The effect of ApoCIII was not influenced by individual inhibition of PKA, PKC, or Src. However, combined inhibition of PKA, PKC, and Src counteracted the effect of ApoCIII, similar results obtained by coinhibition of PKA and Src. Moreover, knockdown of β1 integrin or scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) prevented ApoCIII from hyperactivating β cell Ca_V channels. These data reveal that ApoCIII hyperactivates β cell Ca_V1 channels through SR-BI/β1 integrin-dependent coactivation of PKA and Src.