Convergent dental adaptations in pseudo-tribosphenic and tribosphenic mammals

Tribosphenic molars of basal marsupials and placentals are a major adaptation, with the protocone (pestle) of the upper molar crushing and grinding in the talonid basin (mortar) on the lower molar. The extinct pseudo-tribosphenic mammals have a reversed tribosphenic molar in which a pseudo-talonid is anterior to the trigonid, to receive the pseudo-protocone of the upper molar. The pseudo-protocone is analogous to the protocone, but the anteriorly placed pseudo-talonid is opposite to the posterior talonid basin of true tribosphenic mammals. Here we describe a mammal of the Middle Jurassic period with highly derived pseudo-tribosphenic molars but predominantly primitive mandibular and skeletal features, and place it in a basal position in mammal phylogeny. Its shoulder girdle and limbs show fossorial features similar to those of mammaliaforms and monotremes, but different compared with those of the earliest-known Laurasian tribosphenic (boreosphenid) mammals. The find reveals a much greater range of dental evolution in Mesozoic mammals than in their extant descendants, and strengthens the hypothesis of homoplasy of 'tribosphenic-like' molars among mammals.     

鸡公山隧道水文地质勘察分析及涌水量预测

鸡公山隧道为京广铁路信阳至陈家河段改造工程的控制性工程.根据该隧道的水文地质勘察资料,分析评价了其地质构造、地表水的发育、地下水的发育、地表水及地下水的补给等水文地质特征,并采用径流模数法预测了隧道的正常涌水量和最大涌水量.预测结果表明,隧道的正常涌水量和最大涌水量分别为860m3/d和1283m3/d,由此确定了隧道全线属贫富水区段、构造带段属弱富水区段,进而提出了隧道的施工建议.     

基于顺序图的Web组合服务属性验证

为了更好地理解和分析Web组合服务的过程及其相关属性,针对个体服务的WSDL文档和服务组合规约BPEL,提出了基于UML的Web组合服务建模和验证方法.从服务的WSDL中提取消息、操作等基本元素,用类图构建静态模型,以便考虑Web组合服务数据相关属性;用顺序图对业务流程构建动态模型,以形象易理解的方式刻画组合服务的行为...     

全光纤安防系统模式识别混合编程的实现

介绍了宽域全光纤监控预警系统及光纤扰动信号模式识别算法.利用小波包分解对信号进行分解与重构,并提取各频段内信号分量能量谱作为特征向量;应用综合考虑观测数据和确定性先验知识的BVC-RBF神经网络实现信号分类,提高了网络的泛化能力.利用Matlab引擎、动态链接库(DLL)、组件对象模型(COM)3种混合编程方法将Mat...     

利用脊线检测实现视网膜图像血管中心线的精确提取

提出一种精确有效的基于脊线检测的视网膜图像血管中心线提取算法,该算法首先对原始图像进行脊线检测得到候选视网膜图像血管中心线,然后对原始图像进行照度均衡和多尺度形态学增强处理,最后对各个尺度增强图像在视场ROI区域内进行Otsu双阈值分割或单阈值分割,并将各个尺度的分割结果求和再与脊线检测结果算术相与得到最终的血管中心线。通过对25张荧光造影视网膜图像以及部分彩色视网膜图像进行测试和分析,该算法不但能够检测出低对比度血管和微小血管的中心线,而且提取的血管中心线整体连续性好。将文中算法的结果与血管手动分割血管的细化结果进行比对分析,中心线吻合率平均达到83.5%,且算法性能优于Hoover算法以及保守专家手动检测结果。     

排列中相邻两项的最大公因子

1983年,Erds P,Freud R和Hegyvári N证明了对所有正整数的任一排列a1,a2,a3,…,有liminfi(ai,ai+1)/i≤61/90.本文将结果改进为liminfi(ai,ai+1)/i≤13/20.     

Evaluating the reliability of microsatellite genotyping from low-quality DNA templates with a polynomial distribution model

Molecular studies using trace DNA, such as from museum specimens, ancient or forensic samples and samples obtained noninvasively, often have a common problem of low quality of DNA templates. Amplification errors, such as allelic dropout and false allele, may arise during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using such samples. A mathematical model which treats homozygotes and heterozygotes discriminately has been developed to measure sample quality and compute the confidence level of using multipletube approaches. We use plucked hair samples collected from 26 individual Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxel- lana) to test the model. In this case, a confidence level of 99% can be achieved by three positive PCRs. If the sample quality is very poor and requires many PCR replicates, an alternative multiplestep genotyping method is recommended. This model enables researchers to optimize experimental protocols through pilot studies and obtain reliable genetic information using noninvasive sampling method.     

三角褐指藻（Phaeodactylum tricornutum）油脂富集培养的研究

探讨了营养盐铁、硅及植物激素脱落酸(ABA)单因子对三角褐指藻（Phaeodactylum tricornutum）的生长、油脂含量（%干重）及油脂产量的影响.采用光密度值OD450评价微藻的生长状况,以溶剂浸提法提取油脂.结果表明：⑴铁处理组中,铁浓度在0~46.57 μmol/L范围内时,藻的生长速率随铁浓度提高而增大;铁浓度为11.64 μmol/L时,油脂含量达30%,高于其它铁浓度培养;当铁浓度为11.64 μmol/L时,油脂产量最高——是无铁培养的2.8倍; ⑵ 硅处理组中,低含量硅盐（     

黑龙江七星河国家级湿地自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

采用SWOT分析法较为详细地分析了七星河国家级湿地自然保护区发展生态旅游业的优势、弱势、机遇和威胁。得出黑龙江七星国家级河湿地自然保护区不仅具备景观资源独特、动植物资源丰富、旅游环境优越等开展湿地生态旅游的先决条件,而且拥有国内外生态旅游发展的有利形势和地方政策大力支持的大好机遇;但同时存在湿地保护和专业人员匮乏、旅游...     

基于并行遗传算法的舰艇编队防空火力分配方案

设计了一种并行遗传算法,并进行了仿真实验．结果表明,该算法可以有效求得舰艇编队防空火力分配问题的最优解或近似最优解．