Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.     

改性环氧树脂胶粘剂耐热老化性能的研究

研究了以有机硅改性的环氧树脂为主体,以聚酰胺为固化剂的改性环氧树脂胶粘剂的热老化性能,采用力学性能、TG、SEM和XPS等分析测试方法,研究了改性环氧树脂在热老化过程中力学性能、元素组成、热失重能和微观形貌的变化.结果表明:改性胶粘剂在实验热老化温度下,其剪切强度先升高后下降,而且下降速度较慢.热失重初始下降较慢,随后...     

Pm(○)Pn(○)Ps的全色数和邻强边色数

设Pm,Pn,ps(m,n,s≥3)分别为3条路,参照直积图的定义,定义了直积Pm(○)Pn(○)Ps,给出其全染色及邻强边染色的计算方法,得到其全色数xt(Pm(○)Pn(○)Ps)=9和邻强边色数x'as(Pm(○Pn(○)Ps)=｛9 m,n,s≥4,8其它,并进一步给出一个猜想:xt((○)n i=1Pi)=2...     

用准经典轨线方法研究O(1D)+DBr→OD+Br反应的极化分布

运用准经典轨线法结合Peterson 从头计算势能面, 在碰撞能为0.22 eV 时对O(¹D) +DBr(v=0, j=0) → OD+Br 反应进行了细致的立体动力学性质研究. 极化微分反应截面(PDDCSs)给出了反应产物的散射方向. 反映k 与j′ 两矢量相关的函数P(θ_r)的分布表明产物分子的转动角动量j′在垂直于反应物相对速度矢量k 的方向上有强烈的取向分布; 反映k, k′与j′三矢量相关的函数P(ø_r)的分布表明产物转动角动量j′不仅有沿着y 轴的取向效应,还有沿着y 轴负方向的定向效应; 描述产物转动角动量j′的空间分布函数P(θ_r,ø_r)说明反应垂直于散射平面极化. 质量因子的不同, 使得O(¹D)+DBr 反应的极化与O(¹D)+HBr 反应的极化有明显的差异, 说明同位素效应比较明显.     

校级实践示范中心无纸化资源管理系统的设计

为满足实践中心实验室设备管理方面的需要,研发了一套无纸化资源管理软件.该系统设计操作简便、界面友好、灵活、实用和安全.     

Ia型超新星测距揭示宇宙的命运——2011年诺贝尔物理学奖简介

2011年度诺贝尔物理学奖授予了在天体物理研究领域取得杰出成就的美国科学家索尔·波尔马特、拥有美国和澳大利亚双重国籍的科学家布赖恩·施密特以及美国科学家亚当·里斯。他们通过Ia型超新星测距发现宇宙的膨胀是加速的,从而揭示了暗能量的存在。笔者将对人类认识宇宙的过程、Ia型超新星与宇宙加速膨胀、暗能量以及Ia型超新星研究中存在的问题做全面的介绍,并介绍中国学者在该领域的研究进展。文章的最后做了展望。     

ATP-induced helicase slippage reveals highly coordinated subunits

Helicases are vital enzymes that carry out strand separation of duplex nucleic acids during replication, repair and recombination. Bacteriophage T7 gene product 4 is a model hexameric helicase that has been observed to use dTTP, but not ATP, to unwind double-stranded (ds)DNA as it translocates from 5' to 3' along single-stranded (ss)DNA. Whether and how different subunits of the helicase coordinate their chemo-mechanical activities and DNA binding during translocation is still under debate. Here we address this question using a single-molecule approach to monitor helicase unwinding. We found that T7 helicase does in fact unwind dsDNA in the presence of ATP and that the unwinding rate is even faster than that with dTTP. However, unwinding traces showed a remarkable sawtooth pattern where processive unwinding was repeatedly interrupted by sudden slippage events, ultimately preventing unwinding over a substantial distance. This behaviour was not observed with dTTP alone and was greatly reduced when ATP solution was supplemented with a small amount of dTTP. These findings presented an opportunity to use nucleotide mixtures to investigate helicase subunit coordination. We found that T7 helicase binds and hydrolyses ATP and dTTP by competitive kinetics such that the unwinding rate is dictated simply by their respective maximum rates V(max), Michaelis constants K(M) and concentrations. In contrast, processivity does not follow a simple competitive behaviour and shows a cooperative dependence on nucleotide concentrations. This does not agree with an uncoordinated mechanism where each subunit functions independently, but supports a model where nearly all subunits coordinate their chemo-mechanical activities and DNA binding. Our data indicate that only one subunit at a time can accept a nucleotide while other subunits are nucleotide-ligated and thus they interact with the DNA to ensure processivity. Such subunit coordination may be general to many ring-shaped helicases and reveals a potential mechanism for regulation of DNA unwinding during replication.     

二元域上对称循环矩阵的非退化性

齐次旋转对称布尔函数与F2n在F2上的一类特殊正规基有着密切的联系,这类正规基的存在性依赖于二元域F2上n×n对称循环矩阵的可逆性.利用有限域上多项式的性质给出了F2上一类n×n对称循环矩阵的行列式计算公式,并由此得到一类特殊的可逆对称循环矩阵.     

地铁深基坑施工安全评估FDEMATEL-TOPSIS模型及应用

基坑施工过程中风险因素众多且相互关联,现有研究中缺乏对模糊环境下风险因素间相互关系的考虑,导致风险因素权重的计算结果不够合理.为此提出一种基于模糊决策与试验评价实验室(fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation labora-tory,FDEMATEL)与优劣解距离法(tech...     

管碟法测定抗生素效价方法的优化研究

以实验室发酵的抗生素、杆菌肽为测试品,通过用管碟法测定其效价,从而得到管碟法测定抗生素效价的较优化的一般方法。研究结果表明,上层培养基N源的成分以骨蛋白胨、鱼蛋白胨、胰酪蛋白胨较好,培养基的厚度影响显著;其次是指示菌的浓度和上层培养基的酸碱度对测定结果影响较大。