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131.
Lubowich DA Pasachoff JM Balonek TJ Millar TJ Tremonti C Roberts H Galloway RP 《Nature》2000,405(6790):1025-1027
The Galactic Centre is the most active and heavily processed region of the Milky Way, so it can be used as a stringent test for the abundance of deuterium (a sensitive indicator of conditions in the first 1,000 seconds in the life of the Universe). As deuterium is destroyed in stellar interiors, chemical evolution models predict that its Galactic Centre abundance relative to hydrogen is D/H = 5 x 10(-12), unless there is a continuous source of deuterium from relatively primordial (low-metallicity) gas. Here we report the detection of deuterium (in the molecule DCN) in a molecular cloud only 10 parsecs from the Galactic Centre. Our data, when combined with a model of molecular abundances, indicate that D/H = (1.7 +/- 0.3) x 10(-6), five orders of magnitude larger than the predictions of evolutionary models with no continuous source of deuterium. The most probable explanation is recent infall of relatively unprocessed metal-poor gas into the Galactic Centre (at the rate inferred by Wakker). Our measured D/H is nine times less than the local interstellar value, and the lowest D/H observed in the Galaxy. We conclude that the observed Galactic Centre deuterium is cosmological, with an abundance reduced by stellar processing and mixing, and that there is no significant Galactic source of deuterium. 相似文献
132.
Detection of preinvasive cancer cells 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
133.
Identification of genes that modify ataxin-1-induced neurodegeneration 总被引:55,自引:0,他引:55
134.
Sakamoto Y Kaneda M Terasaki O Zhao DY Kim JM Stucky G Shin HJ Ryoo R 《Nature》2000,408(6811):449-453
Mesostructured composite materials, with features ranging from 20 to 500 A in size, are obtained by the kinetically controlled competitive assembly of organic and inorganic species into nanostructured domains. Short-range order is limited, and long-range order is determined by weak forces such as van der Waals or hydrogen-bonding. Three-dimensional mesoporous materials obtained by removing the organic phase are of particular interest for applications such as catalysis and chemical sensing or separation, for which structural features such as cavity shape, connectivity and ordered bimodal porosity are critical. But atomic-scale structural characterization by the usual diffraction techniques is challenging for these partially ordered materials because of the difficulty in obtaining large (> 10 microm) single crystals, and because large repeat spacings cause diffraction intensities to fall off rapidly with scattering angle so that only limited small-angle data are available. Here we present a general approach for the direct determination of three-dimensional mesoporous structures by electron microscopy. The structure solutions are obtained uniquely without pre-assumed models or parametrization. We report high-resolution details of cage and pore structures of periodically ordered mesoporous materials, which reveal a highly ordered dual micro- and mesoscale pore structure. 相似文献
135.
136.
Measurement of the quantum of thermal conductance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The physics of mesoscopic electronic systems has been explored for more than 15 years. Mesoscopic phenomena in transport processes occur when the wavelength or the coherence length of the carriers becomes comparable to, or larger than, the sample dimensions. One striking result in this domain is the quantization of electrical conduction, observed in a quasi-one-dimensional constriction formed between reservoirs of two-dimensional electron gas. The conductance of this system is determined by the number of participating quantum states or 'channels' within the constriction; in the ideal case, each spin-degenerate channel contributes a quantized unit of 2e(2)/h to the electrical conductance. It has been speculated that similar behaviour should be observable for thermal transport in mesoscopic phonon systems. But experiments attempted in this regime have so far yielded inconclusive results. Here we report the observation of a quantized limiting value for the thermal conductance, Gth, in suspended insulating nanostructures at very low temperatures. The behaviour we observe is consistent with predictions for phonon transport in a ballistic, one-dimensional channel: at low temperatures, Gth approaches a maximum value of g0 = pi2kB2T/3h, the universal quantum of thermal conductance. 相似文献
137.
Ledwell JR Montgomery ET Polzin KL St. Laurent LC Schmitt RW Toole JM 《Nature》2000,403(6766):179-182
The overturning circulation of the ocean plays an important role in modulating the Earth's climate. But whereas the mechanisms for the vertical transport of water into the deep ocean--deep water formation at high latitudes--and horizontal transport in ocean currents have been largely identified, it is not clear how the compensating vertical transport of water from the depths to the surface is accomplished. Turbulent mixing across surfaces of constant density is the only viable mechanism for reducing the density of the water and enabling it to rise. However, measurements of the internal wave field, the main source of energy for mixing, and of turbulent dissipation rates, have typically implied diffusivities across surfaces of equal density of only approximately 0.1 cm2 s(-1), too small to account for the return flow. Here we report measurements of tracer dispersion and turbulent energy dissipation in the Brazil basin that reveal diffusivities of 2-4 cm2 s(-1) at a depth of 500 m above abyssal hills on the flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and approximately 10 cm2 s(-1) nearer the bottom. This amount of mixing, probably driven by breaking internal waves that are generated by tidal currents flowing over the rough bathymetry, may be large enough to close the buoyancy budget for the Brazil basin and suggests a mechanism for closing the global overturning circulation. 相似文献
138.
五言绝句绝句春雨潇潇处,烟梢暗暗青。梦来烽火急,彻夜打窗声。七言绝句戏作寄军师漫笑中年又客途,潇潇暮雨在姑苏。湖山识得诗人未,铺出淋漓水墨图。无题次韵蓝影初三月周进僵卧浑如梦魇缠,离魂斑驳夜之滩。星飞月坠苦相搏,俱作婴孩冷眼看。难老泉即兴周进一水时鸣寒玉稀,天光筛落缀人衣。临流切莫嗟身老,古柏如龙卧欲飞。内蒙途中周进奔走龙蛇未可驯,苍崖矮树太嶙峋。北行千里看山饱,回向江南觉水亲。夜归口号周进暑气难消似滞云,市声蛙鼓噪纷纷。长街行尽艰呼吸,一月残红向夜焚。燕南飞命题《手机》周进欲通声气每关机,岭外烟波到底违。… 相似文献
139.
140.
墙体的裂缝发展到一定程度会引起墙体本身承载力不足,从而导致建筑物安全度的降低,影响人们的正常工作,生活通过分荷法,通过分荷法,类似钢箍法和化学灌浆法对墙体进行加固处理,可以解决墙体承载力不足的问题。现通过实例对这三种方法加以对比。 相似文献