Járos  György  Baker  Barry B.  Horváth  Gábor 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》2002,15(4):285-307

Safety of patients in anesthesia has always been one of the major concerns of the anesthetist. It is clear from studies of safety in general that many accidents and critical incidents occur as the result of latent systemic failures to which a great number of factors contribute (Reason, 1990). An ideal way to approach this problem would be within a systemic framework, such as teleonics, developed by Járos and his co-workers (Cloete, 1999; Járos and Cloete, 1987, 1993). In this framework the events and procedures in anesthesia are considered to be part of a very complex network of process systems (teleons). It is postulated that teleonic uncertainty (telentropy) in this complex network is a factor that might lead to accidents. In a previous paper presented to the World Congress at Toronto in 2000, the principles of teleonics were described in a mathematico symbolic way (Horváth et al., 2000). This paper contains selected examples of application of these principles to the identification of possible systemic causes of accidents in anesthesia.  相似文献   

    

R. Goldthwaite 《Systems Research and Behavioral Science》1998,15(1):75-77

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Philip R. Harris 《Systems Research and Behavioral Science》1997,14(4):296-297

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J. P. van Gigch 《Systems Research and Behavioral Science》1997,14(2):149-150

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Nam C. Nguyen  Ockie J.H. Bosch  Kambiz E. Maani 《Systems Research and Behavioral Science》2011,28(1):51-62

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Sanet H. J. Du Toit  Annette C. Wilkinson 《Systemic Practice and Action Research》2010,23(5):387-404

In occupational therapy education in South Africa, community service (CS) focuses learning opportunities during fieldwork placements. CS therefore enabled the researcher to utilise successive small scale research projects to guide learning of students during fieldwork while simultaneously developing the occupational therapy service at a residential care facility. This community setting provided a powerful environment through which research, in combination with opportunities for reflection, contributed to nurturing skills needed by these future health professionals. A technical action research (AR) approach incorporated AR cycles and opportunities for structured reflection. Therefore situations were created for the students to embrace experiential learning. Experiential learning in the form of anticipatory reflection, reflection-in-action, reflection on reflection and retrospective reflection impacted on the quality of the students’ work. Besides encouraging unique leaning opportunities for students when engaging in research during their fieldwork placement, engagement in AR cycles simultaneously improved service delivery to residents in the facility. Key benefits of this investigation were that fieldwork education utilising AR cycles within a CS situation promoted students to identify voids in their theoretical background as well as practice skills; to apply reflective practice that could contribute to their personal and professional development; and to utilize learning opportunities optimally. Despite positive gains showed by this study, the role of power relations between the researcher as fieldwork educator and the students prohibited the AR cycles from being more emancipatory in nature and should be addressed in follow-up studies.  相似文献   

    

M. J. Taylor  M. Baskett  G. D. Hughes  S. J. Wade 《Systems Research and Behavioral Science》2007,24(3):359-368

In this paper we examine how soft systems methodology (SSM) can benefit the initial identification and communication of new computer game concepts between those involved in its development. Computer games are a multi‐billion pound worldwide part of the entertainment industry. However, they are a relatively new type of software product and as such the manner in which they are designed and developed is still evolving. Computer games can be highly complex software systems that involve the expertise of a wide range of professionals ranging from programmers to animators, artists and musicians. When designing computer games, new game concepts can be difficult to communicate. In addition, the creative process could be benefited if game design ideas were capable of being shared widely and discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Stephen C. Cook  Timothy L. J. Ferris 《Systems Research and Behavioral Science》2007,24(2):169-181

The engineering discipline of systems engineering was developed as means to address the design, implementation and operation of large, complex technical systems. Whilst systems engineering includes methods for addressing the whole life‐cycle of the end product system, and processes for determining what should be made, it still reflects many aspects of the traditional engineering worldview. During the past decade or so, there has been a growing trend within the systems engineering community to appreciate that systems engineering has much wider concerns than just addressing the end product system, and properly encompasses the social aspects of the interaction of people with the end product system, and also the organizational system in which the development is done. Over this period, the framework of ideas that underpins systems engineering has also progressed from engineering science to a transdisciplinary position that incorporates many of the established systems approaches to management. In this paper, we examine the nature of contemporary systems engineering and conclude that systems engineering is a metamethodology for the development and evolution of large, socio‐technical systems. We argue that, as such, systems engineering is an appropriate methodology for any problem situation where the solution can be expected to involve a substantial technical component. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Marjolein C. Achterkamp  Janita F. J. Vos 《Systems Research and Behavioral Science》2007,24(1):3-14

Although (the relevance of) stakeholder management receives considerable attention in literature, the problem of actual stakeholder identification is yet unresolved. This article analyses the potential contributions of critical systems thinking to solving this problem. Especially Ulrich's notion of boundary critique, by which he focuses on stakeholder roles and particularly the role of ‘the affected’, seems a fruitful contribution. By adapting the role definitions towards a project context, including project dynamics, and adding operating instructions, a method has been developed that can be used for actual stakeholder identification in organizational projects. This method is demonstrated on two projects. The results show that this adapted version of boundary critique, which in its original form mainly is used in the context of civil society, is also relevant in an organizational profit‐based context. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Misha Hebel  Christopher J. Davis 《Systems Research and Behavioral Science》2005,22(6):525-536

Whether carried out by external consultants or internally, evaluation of business activity frequently relies on the use of criteria that arise from industry norms, benchmarking or other sources outside the organization. The research presented in this paper questions the utility of measures that use such criteria. Based on the authors' research, we show how reliance on predetermined criteria can simultaneously ossify the evaluation process and alienate the organizational community being evaluated. We aim to show how systems theory can provide a means to address the shortcomings of contemporary evaluation practice. Techniques that enable systems concepts to be operationalized in the work setting are described and the results of their use are discussed. By challenging the dominance of rational economic evaluation criteria, the paper provides an agenda for change for managers, evaluators and researchers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献