Ultrasonic measurements of single-crystal gold under hydrostatic pressures up to 8 GPa in a Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus

Ultrasonic measurements were conducted on single-crystal gold at ambient condition and hydrostatic pressures up to 8 GPa at room temperature in a Kawai-type multi-anvil apparatus. The P-wave velocities measured at high pressures were in good agreement with Daniels and Smith’s ultrasonic study. The three independent elastic constants of gold at ambient condition were determined to be C11=192.7 GPa, C12=162.9 GPa, and C44=42.4 GPa. On the basis of an analysis of previous elastic data and the present ultrasonic data, the pressure derivatives of three elastic constants were estimated to be C1 ′1= 7.12,C 1′2 = 6.24,and C4′4 = 1.82. The calculated values of isothermal bulk modulus (KT0) and its pressure derivatives ( KT ′0) are KT0 = 166.44 GPa and KT ′0= 6.56. This indicates that Anderson et al.’s model of equation of state of gold might underestimates pressure about 1 GPa at pressure around 23 GPa and ambient temperature. Our results explained the discrepancies among the models of equation of state of gold proposed previously.     

Distinct memory traces for two visual features in the Drosophila brain

The fly Drosophila melanogaster can discriminate and remember visual landmarks. It analyses selected parts of its visual environment according to a small number of pattern parameters such as size, colour or contour orientation, and stores particular parameter values. Like humans, flies recognize patterns independently of the retinal position during acquisition of the pattern (translation invariance). Here we show that the central-most part of the fly brain, the fan-shaped body, contains parts of a network mediating visual pattern recognition. We have identified short-term memory traces of two pattern parameters--elevation in the panorama and contour orientation. These can be localized to two groups of neurons extending branches as parallel, horizontal strata in the fan-shaped body. The central location of this memory store is well suited to mediate translational invariance.     

Gonadal pigments of sea-cucumberStichopus japonicus selenka (echinodermata)

Zusammenfassung In den Pigmenten der Geschlechtsdrüsen vonStichopus japonicus Selenka wurden 5 Carotinoide, nämlich-Carotin, Echinenon, Canthaxanthin, Zeaxanthin und Astaxanthin identifiziert.     

Gonadal pigment of sea-cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota Brandt)

Zusammenfassung Aus den Geschlechtsdrüsen vonHolothuria leucospilota Brandt wurde Astaxanthin extrahiert.     

Cardiac hypertrophy accelerated by left cervical sympathectomy in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Summary Cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats was accelerated by denervation of the left cervical sympathetic ganglia. Supersensitivity due to denervation may also exist in cardiac muscles.This work was supported by a grant of the Ministry of Education for 1980.