MYH9 is associated with nondiabetic end-stage renal disease in African Americans

As end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has a four times higher incidence in African Americans compared to European Americans, we hypothesized that susceptibility alleles for ESRD have a higher frequency in the West African than the European gene pool. We carried out a genome-wide admixture scan in 1,372 ESRD cases and 806 controls and found a highly significant association between excess African ancestry and nondiabetic ESRD (lod score = 5.70) but not diabetic ESRD (lod = 0.47) on chromosome 22q12. Each copy of the European ancestral allele conferred a relative risk of 0.50 (95% CI = 0.39-0.63) compared to African ancestry. Multiple common SNPs (allele frequencies ranging from 0.2 to 0.6) in the gene encoding nonmuscle myosin heavy chain type II isoform A (MYH9) were associated with two to four times greater risk of nondiabetic ESRD and accounted for a large proportion of the excess risk of ESRD observed in African compared to European Americans.     

关于生产函数的理论构架：与周方同志商榷

本文指出由周方同志关于生产函数的理论构架的公理化系统,不可能得出C—D函数是唯一的生产函数的结论。本文证明了C—D函数是唯一的生产函数的充要条件是要素弹性为常数。文中构造了两类满足上述公理化系统而替代弹性可以不是常数的生产函数。     

四川引种安哥拉山羊可行性报告

四川省畜牧局为充分利用本省山地牧草资源,振兴民族地区经济,正蕴酿引种安哥拉山羊到山区去改良当地土种山羊,并立题组成课题组对引种的可行性进行研究。研究内容涉及安哥拉山羊生态适应性观测、四川引种安哥拉山羊适宜地区的探讨等。课题组在查阅了大量国外安哥拉山羊饲养业资料的基础上,对引进到陕西省米脂县的安哥拉山羊进行了生态适应性观测;根据安哥拉山羊对生态条件的要求和四川省各地的生态条件,用差额法确定了引种的适宜地区,最后结合交通等条件,提出了四川引种安哥拉山羊的最适地区。结论表明引种到米脂县的安哥拉山羊基本上能适应当地的生态条件;四川西北部有理县等18个县属于干旱区或半干旱区,具有安哥拉山羊所要求的生态条件,可供引种时选用。结合交通条件考虑,以汶川县的绵池至杂谷脑一带、松潘县的镇江口和黑水的西尔为最佳,建议首先在这些地区尽快引种少量安哥拉山羊作进一步的适应性观测,取得成功后,再推广到其它适宜地区。     

苏南丘陵杉木萌芽更新的效果分析

杉木萌芽更新适于短轮伐作业，在实践中对其利弊尚存在争议，本文根据在苏南丘陵地区的长期试验，对萌芽林与实生林的生长、树干圆满度，树干基部弯曲根系分布与重量和更新费用作了分析比较，得出萌芽林无论在生长和干形上均不比实生林逊色，而投资却仅占实生林1/3，具有投资少，更新可靠，经济效益好的特点，文内还比较了伐桩萌条存留株数对高生长的影响，在去萌定株时以保留两株萌条者高生长最佳。     

Localized mutations in the gene encoding the cytoskeletal protein filamin A cause diverse malformations in humans

Remodeling of the cytoskeleton is central to the modulation of cell shape and migration. Filamin A, encoded by the gene FLNA, is a widely expressed protein that regulates re-organization of the actin cytoskeleton by interacting with integrins, transmembrane receptor complexes and second messengers. We identified localized mutations in FLNA that conserve the reading frame and lead to a broad range of congenital malformations, affecting craniofacial structures, skeleton, brain, viscera and urogenital tract, in four X-linked human disorders: otopalatodigital syndrome types 1 (OPD1; OMIM 311300) and 2 (OPD2; OMIM 304120), frontometaphyseal dysplasia (FMD; OMIM 305620) and Melnick-Needles syndrome (MNS; OMIM 309350). Several mutations are recurrent, and all are clustered into four regions of the gene: the actin-binding domain and rod domain repeats 3, 10 and 14/15. Our findings contrast with previous observations that loss of function of FLNA is embryonic lethal in males but manifests in females as a localized neuronal migration disorder, called periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH; refs. 3-6). The patterns of mutation, X-chromosome inactivation and phenotypic manifestations in the newly described mutations indicate that they have gain-of-function effects, implicating filamin A in signaling pathways that mediate organogenesis in multiple systems during embryonic development.     

农村流通体系建设:现状、问题与政策建议

改革开放30年来,我国农村市场体系建设取得重要进展,主要表现在农村市场规模不断扩大、交易方式和流通业态逐步提升、农村市场主体呈多元化格局。目前,我国农村市场流通仍存在比较突出的问题。建议强化农村流通基础设施建设,发展现代流通方式和新型流通业态,培育多元化、多层次的市场流通主体,构建开放统一、竞争有序的农村市场体系。     

宣钢单喷镁铁水脱硫技术应用与实践

介绍了宣钢炼钢厂采用单喷颗粒镁铁水脱硫工艺,改善了转炉冶炼原料铁水条件,同时对镁在铁水中的脱硫机理作了简要的叙述.该工艺在生产实践中不断优化,使铁水经过预处理后终点硫均达到0.010%(质量分数)以下,最低终点硫含量达到0.003%,满足了炼钢铁水要求.     

促进产业发展 创造农民就业岗位的对策建议

产业发展是解决农民就业的基本出路。我国目前的产业发展不能适应农民就业的需要:工业化和城镇化没有为农民创造足够的就业岗位;劳动密集型产业发展不够;中小企业发展不充分;农民的创业和就业环境不理想。促进产业发展,创造农民就业岗位的对策建议有:大力推进"以人为本"的新型工业化;重点发展吸纳农村富余劳动力多的劳动密集型产业;大力发展吸纳农村富余劳动力多的企业;为农民创业和就业创造良好的环境。     

财务管理专业初级、中级财务管理课程内容体系划分与整合——河北经贸大学财务管理专业教学实践总结

我国高等财经院校财务管理专业课程设置存在学术内容残缺、不完整,初级和中级财务管理课程内容划分不清、衔接不当等问题。结合我校实际情况,确定了涵盖内容的基本原则、基本内容涵盖的范围,给出了初级和中级财务管理课程的设置体系,比较规范地界定了《初级财务管理》、《中级财务管理》课程的内容。     

高炉开铁口机的轴压扭矩分析

通过对开铁口机轴压扭矩的分析和研究，得出了在旋转钻进过程中增加冲打是提高钻进速度的有效手段，当激振力为10kN，送进力取1.5～4.5kN时，冲打作用能够使钻进速度比不冲打时提高约1.5～2.5倍，平均扭矩约为不冲打时的1/4～1/2。