碳纤维(长纤)增强铜基复合材料的研究

本文根据碳纤维的性能特点,研究了连续分级电沉积的工艺,设计并制造了连续三级电沉积曲专用设备,采用连续三级电沉积加真空热压扩散的方法,制备了碳纤维(长纤)增强铜基复合材料,其单轴向抗拉强度可达590MPa。试验表明:上述制备方法,不仅操作温度低,纤维体积比易于调整,纤维排布均匀,可连续作业,成本较低;而且能制备较高性能的碳纤维增强铜基复合材料。     

紫荆的小孢子发生与雄配子体的发育

本文对紫荆(Cercis chinensis Bge.)的小孢子发生、雄配子体的发育进行了初步研究.应用扫描电镜对成熟花粉粒的外部形态进行了观察.雄蕊花药四室,纵裂.孢原细胞二个位于表皮之下.成熟花药具五层药壁:表皮、药室内壁、二层中层和一层绒毡层.绒毡层为分泌型.小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂为同时型,小孢子呈四面体型排列.成熟花粉粒圆球形,三细胞.三条萌发沟,外壁具网状纹饰.     

改善苎麻及其混纺纱弹性研究

本文主要为了改善苎麻纱和麻棉纱的弹性,对苎麻纱、麻棉纱和棉纱进行了碱处理。并根据前人所做的工作,即有张力状态下碱处理和松弛状态下碱处理,其纱线性能存在较大差异,因而本文着重考虑在不同张力状态下进行碱处理,研究结果表明,采用低张力进行碱处理。其苎麻纱和麻棉纱的最大变形能力即断裂伸长显著增加,初始弹性模量显著下降,纱线变形恢复能力显著提高。     

贵州植物园珍稀濒危蕨类植物

本文介绍引种自贵州各地及我国华中、华东和华东的贵州植物园内的珍稀濒危蕨类植物。除列表表示来源、现状等情况外，还对桫椤Ａｌｓｐｈｉｌａ ｓｐｉｎｕｌｏｓａ （Ｈｏｏｋ）Ｔｒｙｏｎ，扇蕨Ｎｅｏｃｈｅｉｒｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ ｐｌａｍａｔｏｐｅｄａｔａ （Ｂａｋ．）Ｃｈｓｉｓｔ，宽叶水韭Ｉｓｏｅｔｅｓ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ Ａ．Ｂｒ．，中华水韭Ｉ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｐａｌｍｅｒ和截基盾蕨Ｎｅｏｌｅｐｉｓｏｒｕｓ     

铬酸钒为基的PTC陶瓷的研究

本文使用ＳＥＭ、ＥＤＳ、ＥＡＳ、ＸＲＤ和电阻率测量技术，研究了工艺参数和加入（Ｃｏ，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）对ＰＴＣ（Ｖ１－ｘ，Ｃｒｘ）２Ｏ３陶瓷的显微结构和电性能的影响。实验结果表明，为了制造优良性能、高可靠的热敏电阻器，必须精确控制陶瓷组份和工艺。引人象Ｃ。这样的添加物是重要的，它主要以金属形式分布在基体中，同时发现添加物对试样致密度和电性能的影响也是有益的。     

cDNA cloning of bovine substance-K receptor through oocyte expression system

The neuropeptide receptors which are present in very small quantities in the cell and are embedded tightly in the plasma membrane have not been well characterized. Mammals contain three distinct tachykinin neuropeptides, substance P, substance K and neuromedin K, and it has been suggested that there are multiple tachykinin receptors. By electrophysiological measurement, we have previously shown that Xenopus oocytes injected with brain and stomach mRNAs faithfully express mammalian substance-P and substance-K receptors, respectively. Here we report the isolation of the cDNA clone for bovine substance-K receptor (SKR) by extending this method to develop a new cloning strategy. We constructed a stomach cDNA library with a cloning vector that allowed in vitro synthesis of mRNAs and then identified a particular cDNA clone by testing for receptor expression following injection of the mRNAs synthesized in vitro into the oocyte system. Because oocytes injected with exogenous mRNAs can express numerous receptors and channels, our new strategy will be applicable in the general molecular cloning of these proteins. The result provides the first indication that the neuropeptide receptor has sequence similarity with rhodopsin-type receptors (the G-protein-coupled receptor family) and thus possesses multiple membrane-spanning domains.     

Myosin subfragment-1 is sufficient to move actin filaments in vitro

The rotating crossbridge model for muscle contraction proposes that force is produced by a change in angle of the crossbridge between the overlapping thick and thin filaments. Myosin, the major component of the thick filament, is comprised of two heavy chains and two pairs of light chains. Together they form two globular heads, which give rise to the crossbridge in muscle, and a coiled-coil rod, which forms the shaft of the thick filament. The isolated head fragment, subfragment-1 (S1), contains the ATPase and actin-binding activities of myosin (Fig. 1). Although S1 seems to have the requisite enzymatic activity, direct evidence that S1 is sufficient to drive actin movement has been lacking. It has long been recognized that in vitro movement assays are an important approach for identifying the elements in muscle responsible for force generation. Hynes et al. showed that beads coated with heavy meromyosin (HMM), a soluble proteolytic fragment of myosin consisting of a part of the rod and the two heads, can move on Nitella actin filaments. Using the myosin-coated surface assay of Kron and Spudich, Harada et al. showed that single-headed myosin filaments bound to glass support movement of actin at nearly the same speed as intact myosin filaments. These studies show that the terminal portion of the rod and the two-headed nature of myosin are not required for movement. To restrict the region responsible for movement further, we have modified the myosin-coated surface assay by replacing the glass surface with a nitrocellulose film. Here we report that myosin filaments, soluble myosin, HMM or S1, when bound to a nitrocellulose film, support actin sliding movement (Fig. 2). That S1 is sufficient to cause sliding movement of actin filaments in vitro gives strong support to models of contraction that place the site of active movement in muscle within the myosin head.     

Expression and functional characterization of artificial mutants of interleukin-2 receptor

The physiological proliferation of T lymphocytes (T cells) requires interaction between the humoral growth factor, interleukin 2 (IL-2) and its cell-surface receptor. Studies of IL-2 binding to the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) on T cells have revealed that there are two distinct species of IL-2R, one with high and one with low affinity. Isolation and characterization of cDNA for the human IL-2R made it possible to deduce the complete primary sequence (251 residues) of the receptor protein. However, expression of IL-2R alone is not sufficient for either growth signal transduction or high-affinity site formation: another lymphocyte-specific molecule called converter seems to be required for the biological activity of IL-2R. We found that the converter did not form a stable complex with IL-2R unless the receptor bound the ligand (the 'affinity conversion' model). To discover which are the functionally important parts of the human IL-2R we have constructed artificial mutant cDNAs encoding the receptor. The mutant receptors produced from them had deletions or substitutions in the cytoplasmic region (13 residues), the transmembrane region (19 residues) or the carboxy-terminal portion of the extracellular region (219 residues). All were active in growth signal transduction, efficient internalization and high-affinity site formation in two mouse T-cell lines, suggesting that the extracellular region of IL-2R and the converter may be responsible for growth signal transduction.     

A new immunomodulating compound (AS-101) with potential therapeutic application

There has been interest in the potential of synthetic compounds to modify immune responses by imitation of cytokine action. Direct administration of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in conjunction with adoptive transfer of lymphokine activated killer cells has been used in the treatment of cancer, but there are toxic effects resulting from the high doses of IL-2 required. We have developed a new synthetic compound, ammonium tri-chloro(dioxoethylene-O,O'-)tellurate (AS-101), which has immunomodulating properties and minimal toxicity. The effects of AS-101 on the activation and function of immunocompetent cells have been assessed. We have found that AS-101 induces proliferation and IL-2 production by human lymphocytes in vitro, and enhances the production of IL-2 and colony-stimulating factor by mouse spleen cells. Splenocytes of BALB/c mice injected with AS-101 increased production of IL-2 and CSF in vitro in the presence of mitogen. Mononuclear cells of normal donors acquired responsiveness to recombinant IL-2 and bound monoclonal antibody to IL-2 receptor after incubation with AS-101. Splenocytes of mice treated in vivo with AS-101 expressed high levels of IL-2 receptor. The stimulation of lymphocytes by AS-101 apparently involves an increase in intracellular free calcium. AS-101 administered systemically to mice mediated antitumour effects which could be attributable to its immunomodulatory properties. In addition, AS-101 could directly enhance the ratio of OKT4 to OKT8-positive cells in cultured mononuclear cells from AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) patients. These results indicate that AS-101 is potentially useful in the treatment of clinical conditions involving immunosuppression.     

HIV F/3' orf encodes a phosphorylated GTP-binding protein resembling an oncogene product

Apart from the retroviral gag, pol and env the HIV genome contains the F (3' orf) gene which encodes a polypeptide of 206 amino acids which is myristylated at the N-terminal and whose function is unknown. We have expressed the F gene in Escherichia coli and from a recombinant vaccinia virus, VVTGfHIV. The F-protein produced in VVTGfHIV-infected mammalian cells is myristilated, and is phosphorylated by protein kinase C at a residue close to the N-terminus like pp60-src (ref. 5). Purified bacterial F-protein also shows the GTPase, autophosphorylation and GTP-binding activities reported for the ras gene product. Furthermore, we show that expression of F in a CD4+ cell line down-regulates the CD4(T4) antigen. These results suggest that F is important in the pathophysiology of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome).