就地城镇化地区耕地细碎化及其影响因素分析——以福建省晋江市为例

以福建省晋江市为研究区,基于2016年土地利用现状数据选取斑块面积指数、斑块形状指数和斑块分散指数3个景观指数构建耕地细碎化指标体系,从不同尺度对就地城镇化下晋江市耕地细碎化程度和空间分布进行了评价,然后基于耕地细碎化空间自相关特征并结合地理加权回归模型和地理探测器方法分析不同因素对耕地细碎化的影响.结果表明:1)晋江市耕地细碎化整体处于中度细碎化水平,其全局莫兰指数为0.382 7,具有一定的空间正相关,呈现出明显的空间集聚现象;2)高程、坡度和河流对耕地细碎化影响度以正影响为主,居民点和交通以负影响为主,土地利用类型中建设用地对耕地细碎化影响最为突出.细碎化高集聚区域基本处在各因素的主要影响度范围内,各个因素对耕地细碎化空间集聚产生显著影响;3)在选取的因素中自然因素(高程、坡度和河流)和人类干扰因子(居民点、交通和土地利用类型)对耕地细碎化的空间分异影响显著不同,自然因素(高程、坡度和河流)是晋江市耕地细碎化的主要原因,且居民点与自然要素共同作用会加剧耕地细碎化程度.     

Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

基于全社会成本评估的输煤输电经济比较

分析了输煤和输电全社会成本的构成,将系统投资成本、燃料成本、环境损失成本、可靠性成本之和定义为全社会成本,并提出输煤和输电全社会成本的评估框架,根据单位供电量的全社会成本进行输煤输电经济比较.已有的系统运行模拟方法计及了机组组合优化模型和安全约束经济调度模型,可以详细评估输煤和输电每一时段的燃料成本、环境损失成本和可靠性成本.评估了输煤与特高压直流输电的具体算例,详细分析了输电线路年利用小时数、环境损失成本和可靠性成本对输煤和输电经济比较的影响.结果表明在输煤输电的比较中,考虑可靠性和环境因素是非常必要的.     

Banach空间中寻求(α,β)-适度混合集值映像吸引点的一般迭代格式

引入（α，β）-适度混合集值映像与条件I^*的概念，提出了用于寻求（α，β）-适度混合集值映像吸引点的一般迭代法.在一致凸Banach空间中，利用条件I^*与半紧性质，建立了所提（α，β）-适度混合集值映像的迭代格式的强收敛性.结论改进与修正了之前文献中已发布的相应结果.     

基于滑移/非滑移异质界面的动压润滑性能优化

合理布置的滑移/非滑移异质界面可以提高流体动压润滑性能,但目前滑移区和非滑移区的组合方式大多采用单一的直线拼接法,没有针对流体润滑摩擦副的各类工况设计出相应的优化方案,为此本文建立了一组离散式二次方程来描述滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹,并引入计算域单元的宽长比作为优化变量,分别以液膜刚度和摩擦因数作为优化目标,通过MATLAB数值仿真求解不同宽长比条件下滑移区和非滑移区的最优拼接轨迹。结果表明,与直线拼接法相比,选取二次方程所描述的抛物线作为滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹的方法使流体润滑摩擦副在摩擦因数和液膜刚度等性能指标上都有所改善,而且根据不同的优化目标参数可以方便地绘制出最优拼接方案,验证了本文方法在改善动压润滑性能上的可行性和普适性。     

山东半岛南部三疣梭子蟹放流前后渔业生物群落结构初步分析

根据2012年三疣梭子蟹放流前后的渔业资源调查数据,借助大型多元统计软件PRIMER的聚类分析、多维排序尺度、相似性分析以及生物量丰度曲线分析功能,对山东半岛南部各放流海湾渔业生物群落结构进行了分析.结果表明,在调查时间段内,山东半岛南部海域渔业生物群落结构差异不明显(R=0.073,P>0.05),各放流海湾的群落优势种在放流以后发生改变,以甲壳类为优势种主体,并成为组群划分的决定性因素,但群落的多样性指数基本不变;丰度生物量比较(ABC)曲线的变化表明,增殖放流以及鱼群洄游虽然对群落结构的变化产生了一定影响,但作用有限.     

Simultaneous mineralization of CO2 and recovery of soluble potassium using earth-abundant potassium feldspar

CO2 capture and storage(CCS) is an important strategy in combatting anthropogenic climate change.However,commercial application of the CCS technique is currently hampered by its high energy expenditure and costs.To overcome this issue,CO2 capture and utilization(CCU) is a promising CO2 disposal method.We,for the first time,developed a promising method to mineralize CO2 using earth-abundant potassium feldspar in order to effectively reduce CO2 emissions.Our experiments demonstrate that,after adding calcium chloride hexahydrate as an additive,the K-feldspar can be transformed to Ca-silicates at 800 C,which can easily mineralize CO2 to form stable calcium carbonate and recover soluble potassium.The conversion of this process reached 84.7%.With further study,the pretreatment temperature can be reduced to 250 C using hydrothermal method by adding the solution of triethanolamine(TEA).The highest conversion can be reached 40.1%.The process of simultaneous mineralization of CO2 and recovery of soluble potassium can be easily implemented in practice and may provide an economically feasible way to tackle global anthropogenic climate change.     

分数阶初值问题解的存在性与唯一性

讨论了带有Riemann-Liouville微分算子的分数阶微分方程初值问题,利用混合单调算子理论,获得了初值问题解的存在唯一性定理, 并举例说明主要结果.     

Genome-wide detection and characterization of positive selection in human populations

With the advent of dense maps of human genetic variation, it is now possible to detect positive natural selection across the human genome. Here we report an analysis of over 3 million polymorphisms from the International HapMap Project Phase 2 (HapMap2). We used 'long-range haplotype' methods, which were developed to identify alleles segregating in a population that have undergone recent selection, and we also developed new methods that are based on cross-population comparisons to discover alleles that have swept to near-fixation within a population. The analysis reveals more than 300 strong candidate regions. Focusing on the strongest 22 regions, we develop a heuristic for scrutinizing these regions to identify candidate targets of selection. In a complementary analysis, we identify 26 non-synonymous, coding, single nucleotide polymorphisms showing regional evidence of positive selection. Examination of these candidates highlights three cases in which two genes in a common biological process have apparently undergone positive selection in the same population:LARGE and DMD, both related to infection by the Lassa virus, in West Africa;SLC24A5 and SLC45A2, both involved in skin pigmentation, in Europe; and EDAR and EDA2R, both involved in development of hair follicles, in Asia.     

高速铁路运行引发的低频振动的隔振分析

针对传统隔振方法对低频振动无法取得较好效果的问题,分析了波阻块( WIB)和蜂窝形波阻块( HWIB)对高速铁路引发的低频振动的隔振效果.首先建立了列车-路基的数值计算模型,将列车荷载简化为沿路基向前的移动荷载列,并采用基于拉格朗日算法的有限差分软件计算了埋设WIB和HWIB前后场地土的振动情况,最后与空沟的隔振效果进...