Difference schemes on non-uniform mesh and their application

High order accurate schemes are needed to simulate the multi-scale complex flow fields to get fine structures in simulation of the complex flows with large gradient of fluid parameters near the wall, and schemes on non-uniform mesh are desirable for many CFD (computational fluid dynamics) workers. The construction methods of difference approximations and several difference approximations on non-uniform mesh are presented. The accuracy of the methods and the influence of stretch ratio of the neighbor mesh increment on accuracy are discussed. Some comments on these methods are given, and comparison of the accuracy of the results obtained by schemes based on both non-uniform mesh and coordinate transformation is made, and some numerical examples with non-uniform mesh are presented.     

Approaches to prediction of impact of Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction on alpine ecosystems alongside and its recovery

With the aid of the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the ecosystem pattern and fragility distribution maps of the 50-km-wide zone along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were compiled and by using the superimposition method, range, area and indexes of the impact of various engineering activities on the ecosystems alongside the railway were studied. By making reference to the ecosystem recovery process of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, mechanisms of recovery of the alpine ecosystems alongside the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were studied and extents and rates of the recovery were predicted.The results indicate that the impact of the railway engineering on the Alpine ecosystem depends mainly on how much the original surface soil in the zone has been disturbed and how fragile of the ecosystem per se. Restoration of vegetation coverage and species abundance shows a significantly reverse relationship with disturbance of the original surface soil but an extremely positive one with the length of the restoration period and mean annual precipitation and annual mean relative humidity in the period and no obvious bearings with altitude and temperature. In sections with an annual precipitation over 200mm, as long as a certain percentage of original soil is left in situ, it takes only 30 years or so for biodiversity to get basically restored to the original level after the construction is completed but at least 45-60 years or more for vegetation coverage.     

SEM analysis of the changes of carbon layer structure of mesocarbon microbeads heat-treated at different temperatures

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) with narrow size distribution, excellent sphericity and no obvious conglutination have been prepared with a coal tar pitch containing quinoline insolubles (QI) as the raw material. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to examine the structure of the MCMB. It has been found that SEM technique shows the structural information of MCMB clearly in the form of micrographs even when the structure of MCMB is complex, while the optical technique is useful for analysis of the regular structure of the mesophase spheres but cannot be effectively used to analyze either the complex structure of the green MCMB or the structures of the further heat-treated ones at different temperatures. According to the characteristics of the carbon layers, the structures of the as-prepared MCMB in the present experiment could be classified as (I) Parallel Layer type structure and (2) Bent Layer type structure with the carbon layers gathering at one or two points in the MCMB. In the experiments, SEM is also utilized to investigate the structures of MCMB that are heat-treated at different temperatures. It has been found that the MCMB without any further heat-treatment show no layered-carbons, while the ones heat-treated at temperaturehigher than 1000℃ exhibit obvious layered carbons across their sections. When increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the carbon layers become thinner and flatter.     

二阶系统模糊变结构控制器设计及稳定性分析

采用滑模变结构控制时不可避免会产生抖振问题,尤其是对于那些变参数及具有不可测量持续扰动的系统,通过常规方法难以克服抖振对系统控制性能带来的不利影响。为此将模糊控制与滑模变结构控制相结合,设计了一种模糊变结控制器,既保持了变结构控制的鲁棒性及快速性,又能较好地消除抖振现象,并利用描述函数法分析了该控制系统的稳定性。最后通过一个具体的导弹变系数二阶控制系统的应用实例验证了该控制器的性能。     

基于小波变换和ANFIS模型的不规则海浪组合预报

利用小波变换对不规则海浪进行多尺度一维小波分解与重构,得到相对简单、规则的准周期分量信号,然后建立了各信号的多输入、单输出自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)预报模型,最后对预报结果进行集成。基于Matlab语言的仿真结果表明,该方法不仅降低了预报的难度,而且具有较高的预报精确度。此方法亦可用于船舶横摇、纵摇、艏摇运动的预报。     

具有侧向脉冲推力的旋转导弹建模与控制研究

针对具有气动舵和侧向脉冲推力复合控制的自旋导弹,在准弹体坐标系中建立完整的动力学模型,由于侧向脉冲推力的离散事件特性,提出运用混杂系统理论的方法设计其复合控制自动驾驶仪。根据系统的特性将自动驾驶仪划分成两种不同的工作模式,针对不同的工作模式分别设计不同的控制方法,通过两种模式之间的切换实现导弹的快速响应和能源的合理分配。最后进行仿真检验该自动驾驶仪的有效性,并将仿真结果与气动舵单独控制时的结果作了对比,表明通过复合控制显著改善了导弹的动态响应特性     

LEO/MEO卫星通信系统ISL网络路由及切换性能研究

为了研究高度不同的卫星通信网络的路由和切换性能,采用Walkerdelta型星座构成两种非静止轨道卫星通信系统,分析和比较了LEO和MEO卫星通信网络构成特点和星间链路的俯仰角、方位角和星间链路长度变化。采用不同的路由策略以满足不同服务质量的要求,分析该策略下的卫星网络性能。设计了一种混合路由策略,综合考虑时延、时延抖动、切换和通信中断4项指标,进而比较不同高度的两种卫星网络应用不同路由策略时的性能。结果表明,混合路由策略上述服务质量的综合指标最优,该策略能够为各种用户提供不同的服务质量,提高卫星通信系统有效性和可靠性。     

地理信息系统与作战仿真的集成

分析了地理信息系统和作战仿真的共性以及地理信息系统对作战仿真的作用，提出了地理信息系统与作战仿真三种集成方式即独立模式、嵌入模式和无缝集成模式，以及三种集成模式的基本框架，并分析了各种方式的优缺点。最后讨论了集成的关键技术并对二者的集成进行了展望。     

锚喷支护对隧道围岩的稳定性分析

基于隧道围岩和支护相互作用的粘弹性理论解,探讨了锚喷支护隧道围岩的稳定性,并结合殷家岩隧道进行了详细的分析,取得的结果对其它类似工程的设计和施工有一定的参考意义.     

软土地基上不均匀沉降建筑物的数值分析

不均匀沉降的建筑物，其结构的受力方式会发生变化，而结构内力过大将导致建筑物的损坏，故采用结构、基础与地基共同作用的分析方法，针对一栋倾斜的砖混建筑物建立了其三维实体有限元模型，分析建筑物在使用阶段的沉降规律与内力情况．通过与实际观测结果比较，证明该方法能较好表达建筑物的不均匀沉降情况以及在不均匀沉降情况下结构的应力状态，为非正常状态的结构内力分析提供了一种简便实用的方法．