A lysosomal enigma CLN5 and its significance in understanding neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences - Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL), also known as Batten disease, is an incurable childhood brain disease. The thirteen forms of NCL are caused by mutations...     

Stimulation and recording from single cells in whole animal preparations ofAplysia

Résumé Nous avons introduit des microélectrodes dans les neurones des ganglions pédieux et pleural de l'Aplysie suspendue d'une manière qui permettait des mouvements limités. Les stimulations physiologiques agissant sur des neurones pédieux sont plus simples que celles qui excitent les neurones pleuraux. La stimulation intracellulaire montre que certains neurones pédieux opèrent comme des «motor-neurones», tandis que les neurones pleuraux (la cellule géante de gauche (LGC) comprise) présentent un comportement complexe.     

Experiments on the respiration of the trigger fish (Balistes capriscus)

Zusammenfassung Druck- und Bewegungsregistrierungen haben gezeigt, dass die Kiemenventilation beim plectognathen FischBalistes capriscus primär denselben doppelten Pumpmechanismus benützt, wie andere Knochenfische. Messungen des Ventilationsvolumens wurden durch Zufuhr von Wasser unter konstantem Druck zur Mundöffnung durch einen Gummischlauch, der an der steifen Haut des Fisches festgekblet wurde, vorgenommen. Es wurden Sauerstoffausnützungen von 90% beobachtet.     

Energy source of flagellar type III secretion

Bacterial flagella contain a specialized secretion apparatus that functions to deliver the protein subunits that form the filament and other structures to outside the membrane. This apparatus is related to the injectisome used by many gram-negative pathogens and symbionts to transfer effector proteins into host cells; in both systems this export mechanism is termed 'type III' secretion. The flagellar secretion apparatus comprises a membrane-embedded complex of about five proteins, and soluble factors, which include export-dedicated chaperones and an ATPase, FliI, that was thought to provide the energy for export. Here we show that flagellar secretion in Salmonella enterica requires the proton motive force (PMF) and does not require ATP hydrolysis by FliI. The export of several flagellar export substrates was prevented by treatment with the protonophore CCCP, with no accompanying decrease in cellular ATP levels. Weak swarming motility and rare flagella were observed in a mutant deleted for FliI and for the non-flagellar type-III secretion ATPases InvJ and SsaN. These findings show that the flagellar secretion apparatus functions as a proton-driven protein exporter and that ATP hydrolysis is not essential for type III secretion.     

甘青青兰挥发性成分GC/MS分析

目的：分离鉴定出甘青青兰（Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim.）挥发油的化学成分.方法：用气相色谱-质谱（GC/MS）联用技术及峰面积归一化法测定各组分的相对含量.结果：共鉴定出23种化合物,占总色谱峰总面积的87.46%.结论：甘青青兰挥发油中的化学成分主要为[-]-反-松香芹乙酯和桉油精,两者分别占总挥发油中化学成分的60.30%和9.31%.