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Resolving early silicate differentiation timescales is crucial for understanding the chemical evolution and thermal histories of terrestrial planets. Planetary-scale magma oceans are thought to have formed during early stages of differentiation, but the longevity of such magma oceans is poorly constrained. In Mars, the absence of vigorous convection and plate tectonics has limited the scale of compositional mixing within its interior, thus preserving the early stages of planetary differentiation. The SNC (Shergotty-Nakhla-Chassigny) meteorites from Mars retain 'memory' of these events. Here we apply the short-lived 146Sm-142Nd and the long-lived 147Sm-143Nd chronometers to a suite of shergottites to unravel the history of early silicate differentiation in Mars. Our data are best explained by progressive crystallization of a magma ocean with a duration of approximately 100 million years after core formation. This prolonged solidification requires the existence of a primitive thick atmosphere on Mars that reduces the cooling rate of the interior. 相似文献
113.
文章在对高校使用"校园一卡通"进行分析[1]的基础上,以IC卡为信息载体,对校园消费、管理系统的组成、硬件的构成及网络系统进行了设计. 相似文献
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Denoted by M(A), QM(A) and SQM(A) the sets of all measures, quantum measures and subadditive quantum measures on a σ-algebra A, respectively. We observe that these sets are all positive cones in the real vector space F(A) of all real-valued functions on A and prove that M(A) is a face of SQM(A). It is proved that the product of m grade-1 measures is a grade-m measure. By combining a matrix M
μ to a quantum measure μ on the power set A
n
of an n-element set X, it is proved that μ ≪ ν (resp. μ ⊥ ν) if and only if M
μ ≪ M
ν
(resp. M
μ
M
ν
=0). Also, it is shown that two nontrivial measures μ and ν are mutually absolutely continuous if and only if μ·ν∈QM(A
n
). Moreover, the matrices corresponding to quantum measures are characterized. Finally, convergence of a sequence of quantum
measures on A
n
is introduced and discussed; especially, the Vitali-Hahn-Saks theorem for quantum measures is proved. 相似文献
117.
建立了一种采用超声辅助萃取-高效液相色谱法检测牛奶中9种β-内酰胺抗生素残留的方法.牛奶样品经过乙腈沉淀蛋白,磷酸盐缓冲溶液为提取液,20kHz超声处理5min,离心处理,固相萃取小柱净化,采用Agilent TC C18 (150mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,选用磷酸盐-甲醇作流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min,220nm检测,在22min内分离检测.方法可用于牛奶中上述抗生素残留的同时检测. 相似文献
118.
对一个可分的Banach空间X以及一个在0点满足△2条件的Orlicz函数M,考察了XN上的等价关系E(X,M):(x,y)∈E(X,M)(=)∑M(n∈N)(‖ y(n)-x(n)‖)<∞,给出了E(X,M1)能够Borel归约到E(y,M2)的一个充分条件与一个必要条件. 相似文献
119.
在约化方法的框架下,针对实务界出现的一种新型信用衍生产品--信用攸关的利率互换(credit contingentinterest rate swap,CCIRS),以偏微分方程(partial differentialequation,PDE)为方法,利用对冲原理建立了定价模型.之后分别利用显式和隐式差分对模型进行数... 相似文献
120.
Yun BW Feechan A Yin M Saidi NB Le Bihan T Yu M Moore JW Kang JG Kwon E Spoel SH Pallas JA Loake GJ 《Nature》2011,478(7368):264-268
Changes in redox status are a conspicuous feature of immune responses in a variety of eukaryotes, but the associated signalling mechanisms are not well understood. In plants, attempted microbial infection triggers the rapid synthesis of nitric oxide and a parallel accumulation of reactive oxygen intermediates, the latter generated by NADPH oxidases related to those responsible for the pathogen-activated respiratory burst in phagocytes. Both nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates have been implicated in controlling the hypersensitive response, a programmed execution of plant cells at sites of attempted infection. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin their function and coordinate their synthesis are unknown. Here we show genetic evidence that increases in cysteine thiols modified using nitric oxide, termed S-nitrosothiols, facilitate the hypersensitive response in the absence of the cell death agonist salicylic acid and the synthesis of reactive oxygen intermediates. Surprisingly, when concentrations of S-nitrosothiols were high, nitric oxide function also governed a negative feedback loop limiting the hypersensitive response, mediated by S-nitrosylation of the NADPH oxidase, AtRBOHD, at Cys 890, abolishing its ability to synthesize reactive oxygen intermediates. Accordingly, mutation of Cys 890 compromised S-nitrosothiol-mediated control of AtRBOHD activity, perturbing the magnitude of cell death development. This cysteine is evolutionarily conserved and specifically S-nitrosylated in both human and fly NADPH oxidase, suggesting that this mechanism may govern immune responses in both plants and animals. 相似文献