西藏民事习惯研究述评

为推进对西藏民事习惯的甄别和研究,形成国家法与西藏民事习惯的良好互动,推动国家法的统一适用,文章从历史法制研究、基础理论研究、专题研究三个维度归纳分析了西藏民事习惯的研究现状,从中反思,认为存在基础概念模糊、重历史轻现实、突出整体性忽略特殊性三大问题,明确指出民事习惯法是国家通过一定方式赋予了民事习惯以国家强制力的国家法。以西藏目前仍然存在的民事习惯作为调查研究的新起点,且以各因素类似的小区域为单元进行民事制度整体调查,以此弥补当前西藏民事习惯调查研究的不足。     

Observation of directional change of core field inside flux ropes within one reconnection diffusion region in the Earth’s magnetotail

Two consecutive magnetic flux ropes, separated by less than 30 s （△t 〈 30 s）, are observed within one magnetic reconnection diffusion region without strong guide field in the Earth＇s magnetotail by Cluster multispacecraft. The flux ropes are characterized by bipolar signatures of the south-north magnetic field component Bz accompanied with strong core magnetic field By, intense current J and density depletions inside of them. In spite of the small but non-trivial global scale negative guide field （-By）, there exists a directional change of the core fields of two flux ropes, i.e., -By for the first one, and ＋By for the second one. The directions of the core fields are the same as the ambient cross-tail magnetic field component （By） just outside of flux ropes. Therefore, we suggest that the core field of flux ropes is formed by compression of the local preexisting By and that the directional change of core field is due to the change of local preexisting By. Such a change in ambient By might be caused by some microscale physics.     

Role of trapped liquid in flow boiling inside micro-porous structures:pore-scale visualization and heat transfer enhancement

Flow boiling is an important heat dissipation method for cooling high heat flux surfaces in many indus-trial applications.The heat transfer can be further enhan...     

Computer analysis of cross sections of leaves of Chrysothamnus taxa and their relation to environmental conditions

Thirty-eight accessions of 20 taxa (species and subspecies) of Chrysothamnus from a range of environments were grown in a uniform garden. During mid-June, terminal and lateral leaves were removed, fixed, and processed for light-microscopy studies. Area and perimeter measurements of ink tracings of midleaf vein cross sections were measured using computer-scan techniques. Leaf area and perimeter were compared with vein perimeter and area measurements. Area and perimeter of these Chrysothamnus leaves varied in response to the environment at the collection location. Plants native to hot, dry conditions had small, thick leaves, whereas plants native to cooler, more mesic conditions had relatively large, thin leaves. Similarly, leaves with round veins were adapted to hot, dry environments and leaves with elliptical veins were adapted to cooler, more mesic environments. Both terminal (young) and lateral (older) leaves were sampled. Terminal leaves showed significant (p < .05) correlational responses to environmental parameters, whereas the lateral leaves, while fronding in the predicted morphological directions, did not generally show significant responses. The different responses of terminal and lateral leaves may have been due to canopy position and uniform environmental conditions of the garden. Leaves with large cross sections characteristically had large veins, and leaves with small cross sections characteristically had small veins. Large leaf cross sections were normally flat. Small leaf cross sections were normally round. Decreasing leaf size and increasing leaf thickness were correlated with aridity.     

Quality control of homologous recombination

Exogenous and endogenous genotoxic agents, such as ionizing radiation and numerous chemical agents, cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are highly toxic and lead to genomic instability or tumorigenesis if not repaired accurately and efficiently. Cells have over evolutionary time developed certain repair mechanisms in response to DSBs to maintain genomic integrity. Major DSB repair mechanisms include non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination (HR). Using sister homologues as templates, HR is a high-fidelity repair pathway that can rejoin DSBs without introducing mutations. However, HR execution without appropriate guarding may lead to more severe gross genome rearrangements. Here we review current knowledge regarding the factors and mechanisms required for accomplishment of accurate HR.     

市场经济体制的道德性解证

本文道德通过论证制度或体制伦理的存在,指出我国传统伦理学过分重视个人道德义务的重大缺陷,希望加快经济制度或体制伦理学的研究与宣传。作者认为,在我国经济体制转轨过程中,制度道德远比个人道德重要,并在疏解体制伦理概念的基础上,提出市场经济体制必然存在着相应的道德设定,同时初步地讨论了确立社会主义市场经济体制道德原则的基本条件,从而为新时期的道德建设探导基本的路径。     

金属中电子结构的密度泛函方法与正电子湮没技术

以密度泛函理论为基础,利用简化的胶体模型,在局域密度近似下研究金属中的空位型缺陷的电子结构和以正电子寿命为表征的缺陷谱.结果表明,随着空位尺度的增加,正电子寿命亦增加并直到饱和值.     

A new adaptive state space construction method for the mobile robot navigation

In order to solve the combinative explosion problems in a continuous and high dimensional state space, a function approximation approach is usually used to represent the state space. The normalized radial basis function （NRBF） was adopted as the local function approximator and a kind of adaptive state space construction strategy based on the NRBF （ASC-NRBF） was proposed, which enables the system to allocate appropriate number and size of the basis functions automatically. Combined with the reinforce- ment learning method, the proposed ASC-NRBF method was applied to the robot navigation problem. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed method.     

直接检测光PPM系统中RS码的性能分析

研究了大小不同域上的RS码用于直接检测数字脉位调制(PPM)系统时的性能;对散弹噪声限下的Poisson和Gauss两种光电子计数模型分别导出了码符和调制符号不同对应关系下的最大似然译码量度、性能限以及硬判决译码时的性能计算公式,为实际设计中码参数的选择提供了理论依据.     

汽车起重机箱形吊臂折臂的模糊分析方法

建立了汽车起重机起吊系统在冲击载荷作用下进行塑性动力学分析的力学模型，分析了起吊系统受冲击载荷作用时的塑性位移，提出了模糊允许塑性位移等概念，探讨了吊臂折臂的模糊分析方法。