A single positively selected West Nile viral mutation confers increased virogenesis in American crows

West Nile virus (WNV), first recognized in North America in 1999, has been responsible for the largest arboviral epiornitic and epidemic of human encephalitis in recorded history. Despite the well-described epidemiological patterns of WNV in North America, the basis for the emergence of WNV-associated avian pathology, particularly in the American crow (AMCR) sentinel species, and the large scale of the North American epidemic and epiornitic is uncertain. We report here that the introduction of a T249P amino acid substitution in the NS3 helicase (found in North American WNV) in a low-virulence strain was sufficient to generate a phenotype highly virulent to AMCRs. Furthermore, comparative sequence analyses of full-length WNV genomes demonstrated that the same site (NS3-249) was subject to adaptive evolution. These phenotypic and evolutionary results provide compelling evidence for the positive selection of a mutation encoding increased viremia potential and virulence in the AMCR sentinel bird species.     

A QTL for rice grain width and weight encodes a previously unknown RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase

Grain weight is one of the most important components of grain yield and is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) derived from natural variations in crops. However, the molecular roles of QTLs in the regulation of grain weight have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of GW2, a new QTL that controls rice grain width and weight. Our data show that GW2 encodes a previously unknown RING-type protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which is known to function in the degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Loss of GW2 function increased cell numbers, resulting in a larger (wider) spikelet hull, and it accelerated the grain milk filling rate, resulting in enhanced grain width, weight and yield. Our results suggest that GW2 negatively regulates cell division by targeting its substrate(s) to proteasomes for regulated proteolysis. The functional characterization of GW2 provides insight into the mechanism of seed development and is a potential tool for improving grain yield in crops.     

非最小相位系统传递函数的演化模型降阶

针对非最小相位系统传递函数的模型降阶工作,通过对频域误差平方和加权的形式,提出了同时考虑频域幅值与相位因素的多目标参数优化指标。针对传统的求解多目标优化方法的不足,提出应用演化算法对此复杂的目标函数进行优化的策略。计算实例说明,使用演化优化方法可以获得幅值与相位特性均较好的降阶模型。     

基于构件建造信息系统的自适应体系结构

本文基于Ｈ．Ａ．Ｓｉｍｏｎ的决策认知过程分析,提出了一种用构件组装方式产生适应不同需求的信息系统。为了提高研制效率,给出了信息系统及其构件的形式化描述。在软件集成块 Ｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ－ＩＣ的思路影响下提出了一种系统构成的自组织方法。     

基于伍德沃德-劳森抽样方法的阵列平顶波束综合

为获得高增益和强方向性,阵列天线应运而生,波束赋形技术在降低阵列副瓣电平、扩大阵列角度覆盖范围、抑制干扰等方面具有重要意义。其中,具有平顶形状波束的天线可辐射具有相同增益的波束,实现宽角度覆盖,且伍德沃德-劳森抽样具有方法简单、抽样点少、运算速度快的优势。因此,运用伍德沃德-劳森抽样方法对均匀直线阵列进行平顶波束赋形。通过计算抽样点数和抽样点位置,得到激励系数,确定阵元位置,计算出激励电流,从而求得各单元的电流分布,计算出阵列的方向图函数,利用MATLAB编程绘制方向图,并分析其基本特性,同时用控制变量法分析不同参数变化对方向图基本特性的影响。研究结果表明：综合的线阵单元数越多,抽样点就越多,综合得到的方向图就越接近预期,综合后方向图主瓣范围内的波纹起伏越小,副瓣电平越低。此外,定向辐射的平顶波束赋形天线在点对多点的无线通信中发挥着重要作用,也可以应用在车载和机载防撞天线、自动驾驶和飞行器等安全控制中心的核心组件中,市场前景广阔。     

A new adaptive state space construction method for the mobile robot navigation

In order to solve the combinative explosion problems in a continuous and high dimensional state space, a function approximation approach is usually used to represent the state space. The normalized radial basis function （NRBF） was adopted as the local function approximator and a kind of adaptive state space construction strategy based on the NRBF （ASC-NRBF） was proposed, which enables the system to allocate appropriate number and size of the basis functions automatically. Combined with the reinforce- ment learning method, the proposed ASC-NRBF method was applied to the robot navigation problem. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed method.     

An MPI+OpenACC-Based PRM Scalar Advection Scheme in the GRAPES Model over a Cluster with Multiple CPUs and GPUs

A moisture advection scheme is an essential module of a numerical weather/climate model representing the horizontal transport of water vapor. The Piecewise Rational Method(PRM) scalar advection scheme in the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System(GRAPES) solves the moisture flux advection equation based on PRM. Computation of the scalar advection involves boundary exchange, and computation of higher bandwidth requirements is complicated and time-consuming in GRAPES. Recently, Graphic...     

WSN中传感器节点的弹性神经网络任务分配方法

为解决WSN多目标跟踪节点任务分配的竞争冲突问题,提出一种融合了模糊聚类的多弹性子模自组织神经网络节点任务分配方法.通过模糊聚类估计目标数量,建立节点任务分配跟踪精度和能量消耗的综合性能指标,采用非全连接的环形弹性结构自组织神经网络优化监测联盟,用最近邻法对神经元弹性子模进行初始化,根据胜者为王原则动态调整子模的感受域,以快速锁定最优监测联盟,实现多目标的精确跟踪.实验结果表明:文中方法能有效解决多目标跟踪节点任务分配的竞争冲突问题,以及竞争冲突时的系统能耗增加与实时性问题;在随机均匀部署节点拓扑和目标直线运动模式下,文中方法的能耗较最近邻法降低了48.2%~55.9%,较未改进弹性神经网络法降低了37.4%~42.5%,且运算速度提高了19.0%~27.4%.     

顾及非线性高程归算的中国西北区域对流层天顶延迟模型

对流层延迟是影响高精度导航定位的关键因素,同时也是进行GNSS水汽反演的重要数据。中国西北区域地形起伏较大,目前中国西北地区对流层天顶延迟模型在高程方面顾及不足,无法满足实时高精度定位需求,因此建立高精度中国西北地区对流层延迟模型成为迫切需求。针对当前中国西北地区ZTD模型未同时顾及非线性高程归算以及季节变化等问题,本文将利用2015-2017年欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的ERA5资料建立顾及非线性高程归算的中国西北地区对流层天顶延迟模型(MZTD模型)。联合未参与建模的2018年ERA5资料和中国西北陆态网84个GNSS测站数据,验证MZTD模型的精度和适用性,并与目前使用广泛的GPT3模型进行精度对比。结果表明：以2018年ERA5资料和中国西北陆态网测站数据为参考值,MZTD模型的均方根误差(RMS)分别为3.14cm和2.81cm,相对于GPT3模型精度分别提高了约16.3%和21.7%,同时MZTD减少模型参数,提升了模型计算效率。因此,顾及非线性高程归算的MZTD模型在中国西北区域体现了更好的精度和适用性,可以为中国西北地区进行实时GNSS水汽探测和导航定位提供重要参考。     

大型地下空间综合交通枢纽中巨型斜柱长期沉降的监测及预测分析

结构及其重要构件的长期沉降是影响地下空间综合交通枢纽施工安全的关键因素之一,对其开展监测与预测具有重要的工程意义。以深圳市黄木岗大型地下空间综合交通枢纽为研究背景,采用自动化监测系统,首先监测了12轴巨型斜柱施工后的119期长期沉降,分析其长期沉降规律,并评判其预警状态。监测结果表明,斜柱施工后,长期的沉降规律为先在安全状态内小幅波动,再增大至黄色预警状态,最后在安全状态与预警状态之间小幅波动。然后,利用109期监测数据分别构建斜柱沉降的反向传播(back propagation, BP)神经网络模型和遗传算法-BP(genetic algorithm-BP,GA-BP)神经网络模型,并预测之后10期的斜柱累计沉降量以对比验证两种模型效果。结果表明,相比BP神经网络模型,GA-BP神经网络模型的预测值与实测值更吻合。