The role of Epac in the heart

As one of the most important second messengers, 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) mediates various extracellular signals including hormones and neurotransmitters, and induces appropriate responses in diverse types of cells. Since cAMP was formerly believed to transmit signals through only two direct target molecules, protein kinase A and the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, the sensational discovery in 1998 of another novel direct effecter of cAMP [exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac)] attracted a great deal of scientific interest in cAMP signaling. Numerous studies on Epac have since disclosed its important functions in various tissues in the body. Recently, observations of genetically manipulated mice in various pathogenic models have begun to reveal the in vivo significance of previous in vitro or cellular-level findings. Here, we focused on the function of Epac in the heart. Accumulating evidence has revealed that both Epac1 and Epac2 play important roles in the structure and function of the heart under physiological and pathological conditions. Accordingly, developing the ability to regulate cAMP-mediated signaling through Epac may lead to remarkable new therapies for the treatment of cardiac diseases.     

Effects of mechanical strain amplitude on the isothermal fatigue behavior of H13

Isothermal fatigue (IF) tests were performed on H13 tool steel subjected to three different mechanical strain amplitudes at a constant temperature to determine the effects of mechanical strain amplitude on the microstructure of the steel samples. The samples' extent of damage after IF tests was compared by observation of their cracks and calculation of their damage parameters. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe the microstructure of the samples. Cracks were observed to initiate at the surface because the strains and stresses there were the largest during thermal cycling. Mechanical strain accelerated the damage and softening of the steel. A larger mechanical strain caused greater deformation of the steel, which made the precipitated carbides easier to gather and grow along the deformation direction, possibly resulting in softening of the material or the initiation of cracks.     

Science Letters: A new quantitative model of ecological compensation based on ecosystem capital in Zhejiang Province, China

Ecological compensation is becoming one of key and multidiscipline issues in the field of resources and environmental management. Considering the change relation between gross domestic product (GDP) and ecological capital (EC) based on remote sensing estimation, we construct a new quantitative estimate model for ecological compensation, using county as study unit, and determine standard value so as to evaluate ecological compensation from 2001 to 2004 in Zhejiang Province, China. Spatial differences of the ecological compensation were significant among all the counties or districts. This model fills up the gap in the field of quantitative evaluation of regional ecological compensation and provides a feasible way to reconcile the conflicts among benefits in the economic, social, and ecological sectors.     

国企中职务侵占犯罪认定初探

本文从职务侵占犯罪的概念入手，分析其基本特征与该犯罪行为的主观，客观，主体，客体等四大要素。阐述了此类犯罪的构成，通过与其他相关犯罪的比较，使读者能正确把握此类犯罪。     

PWR蒸汽发生器中一、二次汽水分离器加装挡水器研究

在水－空气实验台架上，对PWR蒸汽发生器中一次汽水分离器和一、二次水分离器加装挡水器进行了一系列实验研究，实验表明，在循环倍率不大的条件下，一、二次汽水分离器加装档水器，可降低汽水分离器的上携带，挡水器的集水效果与挡水器的轴向位置有关。     

谈市政工程施工管理工作的科学发展

市政工程是城市正常运转和社会经济发展的保障,所以市政工程施工的质量至关重要,用科学的方法管理市政工程施工是未来的发展方向。     

Interior penalty bilinear IFE discontinuous Galerkin methods for elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficient

<正> This paper applies bilinear immersed finite elements (IFEs) in the interior penalty discontinuousGalerkin (DG) methods for solving a second order elliptic equation with discontinuous coefficient.A discontinuous bilinear IFE space is constructed and applied to both the symmetric and nonsymmetricinterior penalty DG formulations.The new methods can solve an interface problem on a Cartesianmesh independent of the interface with local refinement at any locations needed even if the interfacehas a nontrivial geometry.Numerical examples are provided to show features of these methods.     

Positive observer design for positive Markovian jump systems with partly known transition rates

The paper is concerned with positive observer design for positive Markovian jump systems with partly known transition rates. By applying a linear co-positive type Lyapunov-Krasovskii function, a sufficient condition is proposed to ensure the stochastic stability of the error positive system and the existence of the positive observer, which is computed in linear programming. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the validity of the main results.     

聚合物改性乳化沥青防水涂料在水泥砼桥面上的应用

随着高等级公路对路面质量要求的提高,桥面铺装的质量要求也相应提高.、在桥梁的正常使用期内需经常对面层进行维修或翻新,为保证在面层维修或翻新施工中不对桥梁造成损坏,有必要设置桥面防水层.文章主要从聚合物改性乳化沥青的概述、乳化沥青改性剂的选择、水泥砼桥面防水层的施工质量要求、桥面防水涂料防水层的施工及施工注意事项这几个方面进行阐述,以供参考.